Дворцовые перевороты. Видеоурок по истории России 7 класс

Introduction to the Era of Palace Coups

The transcript introduces the topic of palace coups and focuses on the period from 1725 to 1762, known as the era of palace coups. It discusses the main criteria for power transfer during this time, which revolved around palace influence.

Palace Coups and Their Ease of Occurrence

• Palace coups occurred easily due to several reasons.

• One reason was Peter the Great's fear of his own son, which led him to sign a decree stating that he could choose his own successor.

• Another reason was the death of Peter II in 1730, which ended the direct male line of Romanovs and created a power vacuum.

• The Guard regiments played a significant role in supporting candidates for the throne, particularly those favored by the nobility.

Power Struggles and Lack of Clear Succession

• The absence of a written will by Peter I created a point of contention among various political factions.

• There were multiple contenders for the throne, including Peter's widow, three daughters, and two grandsons.

• The Dolgorukys

Elizaveta Petrovna's Reign

This section discusses the rise to power of Elizaveta Petrovna and her reign from 1741 to 1761. It also mentions the unfortunate fate of Ivan Antonovich, who became a lifelong prisoner along with his parents.

Elizaveta Petrovna's Ascension to Power

• Elizaveta Petrovna came to power as a result of a conspiracy and the support of the same guardsmen.

• She ruled from 1741 to 1761.

Ivan Antonovich's Fate

• Ivan Antonovich, an unfortunate infant, became a lifelong prisoner.

• He died in captivity, just like his parents.

Elizaveta Petrovna's Rule and Legacy

This section highlights some aspects of Elizaveta Petrovna's rule and her legacy after her death.

Rule in Extravagance

• Elizaveta Petrovna was said to have ruled in "gilded poverty."

• She left behind 15,000 dresses, two chests of silk stockings, unpaid bills, and an unfinished Winter Palace that had already consumed a significant amount of money.

Rule with Favoritism

• Elizaveta Petrovna relied on her favorites such as Alexey Gregorievich Chayka, Razumovsky, Shuvalov, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, and Vorontsov during her rule.

Successful Reign for Russia

• Despite its peculiarities, Elizaveta Petrovna's reign turned out to be remarkably successful for Russia.

• She appointed Peter Feodorovich as her successor.

Peter Feodorovich's Reign

This section discusses the reign of Peter Feodorovich, also known as Peter III, and provides an objective assessment of his rule.

Peter Feodorovich's Background

• Peter Feodorovich was the son of Elizaveta Petrovna's older sister.

• It is difficult to give an objective characterization of Peter III due to his disregard for Russian cultural traditions.

Reforms and Policies

• Many of Peter III's reforms were considered reasonable and rational.

• Catherine II, who succeeded him, adopted some of these reforms.

Assassination Conspiracy

• Peter III was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy led by his own wife, Sophia Augusta (Catherine II).

The Pugachev Rebellion

This section introduces the Pugachev Rebellion and its significance during Catherine II's reign.

Emelian Pugachev

• Emelian Pugachev is one of the most well-known among approximately 40 impostors who emerged after the death of Peter III.

• His rebellion holds great historical importance.