17/05/2020. CLASE METODOLOGIA DE LA INVESTIGACION. REALIDAD PROBLEMATICA. PRIMERA PARTE

Understanding the Problem of Knowledge in Scientific Research

Introduction to the Scientific Method

• The discussion begins with an overview of a part of the scientific method known as "the problem of knowledge," emphasizing its importance in research.

• A researcher identifies a gap in knowledge after extensive study, leading to a problem that requires investigation.

• The researcher formulates a theory based on existing scientific information, which will be tested through experimentation.

Identifying Problems of Knowledge

• The speaker explains how problems of knowledge commonly arise, particularly when students struggle to choose research topics.

• It is crucial for researchers to select topics they are passionate about; this passion drives effective inquiry and discovery.

Sources of Knowledge Problems

• Critical reading can generate questions; for instance, while analyzing an article, one might wonder about the implications of changing specific values.

• Contrasting findings from different contexts helps identify whether established theories hold true across various realities (e.g., BMI standards).

Spontaneous and Empirical Knowledge

• Spontaneous ideas can lead to significant discoveries, as illustrated by historical figures like Einstein and Fleming who had breakthroughs during everyday moments.

• Empirical knowledge arises from traditional practices that may not have scientific backing but are widely accepted (e.g., home remedies).

Validating Research Problems

• The validity of a research problem hinges on its novelty; it should address something unknown or unresolved within the scientific community.

• Researchers must ensure their problems are genuinely novel and not already solved by existing science.

Presenting Research Problems Effectively

• When presenting a research problem, clarity and formality are essential. Researchers should prepare as if addressing esteemed experts (e.g., Nobel Prize jurors).

Understanding the Problematic Reality in Research

Importance of Studying Societal Problems

• The significance of addressing societal problems is emphasized, noting that their future impact may either increase or decrease, making it essential to investigate these issues.

Presenting Research Problems

• The concept of "problematic reality" in research is introduced, highlighting that there isn't a strict method for presenting research problems; it varies by researcher.

Criteria for Understanding the Problem

• Before researching, three criteria must be met:

• Familiarize oneself with theoretical information (ideally 30-50 articles).

• Gather data on incidence and prevalence related to the problem.

Analyzing Impact and Background

• It’s crucial to assess how many individuals are affected by the problem over time through historical context and patient records. This helps determine if the issue is increasing, stable, or decreasing.

Fieldwork and Real-world Verification

• Conducting fieldwork is necessary to observe the problem firsthand. This includes:

• Interviewing patients.

• Taking photos/videos to understand how the issue manifests in real populations.

Feasibility of Research Problems

• Verifying whether a proposed problem exists in reality is critical. Some students may propose theoretical issues that do not manifest in actual populations or may be too costly to study.

Writing and Refining Your Problem Statement

• Drafting your research problem involves trial and error:

• Write down your ideas.

• Revise based on clarity and expression.

Avoiding Plagiarism in Research Writing

• Emphasizes originality in writing:

• Use citations properly according to established guidelines (e.g., Vancouver style).