🚩Etapas de la LITERATURA PERUANA | Generación del 30 50 60 70 80 90
Overview of Peruvian Literature
Historical Development
- The evolution of Peruvian literature has been influenced by various national and international movements, developing through distinct historical periods.
- Six main stages are identified: Pre-Hispanic, Conquest, Colonial, Emancipation, Republican, and Contemporary. Additionally, notable generations span from the 1930s to the 2000s.
Pre-Hispanic Literature
- Known as Quechua or Inca literature, this stage existed before 1532 and featured over 50 languages; Quechua was predominant.
- Two branches of Quechua literature emerged: Courtly (cortesana), associated with nobility and featuring amautas (wise men), and Popular (popular), which included folk compositions.
- Didactic teachings were common in courtly literature with moral lessons like "Ama sua" (Do not steal).
- A significant work from this period is "Dioses y hombres de Huarochirí," an anonymous text translated by José María Arguedas.
Literature During the Conquest
- This phase began in 1532 with Spanish colonization; Spanish became the dominant language for literary production.
- Key literary forms included coplas (short popular verses), romances (longer narrative poems), and chronicles that documented cultural histories.
- Notable chroniclers include Felipe Huamán Poma de Ayala ("Nueva Crónica y Buen Gobierno") and Garcilaso de la Vega ("Comentarios Reales").
Colonial Literature
- Spanning the 16th to 18th centuries, colonial literature reflected social hierarchies between Spaniards and Indigenous peoples.
- It is categorized into three styles: Renaissance (e.g., Diego de Ojeda's "La Cristiada"), Baroque (e.g., Juan Espinosa Medrano's works), and Neoclassicism (e.g., Pedro Peralta's "Lima Fundada").
Emancipation Era
- This period marked a shift towards independence movements in Latin America during the late 18th to early 19th centuries.
- Literary works expressed patriotic sentiments; key figures included Mariano Melgar ("Yaravíes") and José Faustino Sánchez Carrión ("Cartas del Solitario").
Republican Literature
- From the late 19th to early 20th century post-independence, literature aimed at raising awareness among Peruvians about their realities.
- Major literary currents included Costumbrismo (with criollismo vs. anti-criollismo), Romanticism represented by Ricardo Palma’s “Tradiciones Peruanas,” and Realism exemplified by Manuel González Prada.
Contemporary Literature
- Emerging in the early 20th century, contemporary literature showcased diverse movements such as Modernism led by José Santos Chocano (“Alma América”) and Vanguardism represented by César Vallejo (“Los Heraldos Negros”).
Literary Generations in Peru
Overview of Peruvian Literary Generations
- The discussion highlights the emergence of notable literary figures in Peru, particularly focusing on Julio Ramón Ribeiro and Mario Vargas Llosa.
- It identifies three significant literary generations:
- Generation of 1930: Notable figure Emilio Adolfo Westland with his work "Las ínsulas extrañas."
- Generation of 1950: Julio Ramón Ribeiro recognized for "La palabra del mudo."