Magnitudes físicas | fundamentales, derivadas, escalares y vectoriales 📐

What Are Physical Quantities?

Understanding Measurement and Physical Quantities

• The concept of measurement is introduced as comparing a quantity to a known standard, referred to as a measurement pattern (e.g., measuring height against the meter).

• Physical quantities are properties that characterize bodies or physical phenomena and can be expressed quantitatively, such as length, mass, temperature, and time.

• Non-quantifiable properties like smell or beauty do not qualify as physical quantities; they cannot be measured numerically.

Classification of Physical Quantities

Origin-Based Classification

• Physical quantities can be classified based on their origin into fundamental and derived quantities.

• Fundamental quantities serve as the basis for describing other quantities; they are independent and include seven key types: length (meter), mass (kilogram), time (second), electric current (ampere), temperature (kelvin), amount of substance (mole), and luminous intensity (candela).

Derived Quantities

• Derived quantities depend on fundamental ones; examples include speed (length/time), pressure, acceleration, force, energy, and density.

Nature-Based Classification of Physical Quantities

Scalar vs. Vectorial Quantities

• Scalar quantities are fully defined by their numerical value and unit of measure alone; examples include mass, distance, speed, pressure, energy, and time.