A Level - Newspapers (Times / Mirror) - Industry & Audiences

Introduction

This video is a guide to industries for newspapers in A-level Media Studies. The focus is on understanding the industries and audiences of newspapers.

Understanding Industries and Audiences

• Newspapers will come up in Section B of component one for the A-level Media Studies exam.

• For an industries and audiences question, consider a whole edition of the newspaper studied in class or at home, as well as the newspaper's websites and social media pages.

• Use specific evidence from those sources in your answers for industry and audience-based questions.

What You Need to Know

This section covers what you need to know about industries for newspapers at A-level.

Ownership

• Ownership refers to the companies and people involved with producing a newspaper.

• Reach PLC (formerly Trinity Mirror) owns Daily Mirror, Sunday Mirror, Daily Express, Sunday Express, and several local newspapers.

• Being horizontally integrated allows companies like Reach PLC to maintain their position as leaders within the market by getting rid of competition and sharing resources between different newspapers.

Times Newspapers

• Times Newspapers publishes The Times newspaper which is owned by News UK.

• News UK is wholly owned by News Corp., a giant global conglomerate that operates across the globe making hundreds of newspapers magazines TV programs, TV news, film etc.

• Being fully vertically and horizontally integrated within a giant conglomerate gives The Times access to an enormous amount of money at their disposal.

Circulation & Readership

• Circulation refers to how many copies of a newspaper are sold each day or week.

• Readership refers to how many people read each copy of a newspaper.

• These numbers are important because they determine how much advertisers will pay for ads in that paper.

Regulation

• Ofcom regulates television broadcasting while IPSO regulates print journalism including newspapers.

• IPSO is a self-regulatory body that ensures newspapers follow ethical guidelines.

Advertising

• Newspapers rely heavily on advertising revenue to stay in business.

• Advertisers pay for ads based on the circulation and readership of a newspaper.

Conclusion

This section concludes the video by summarizing what was covered.

• Understanding industries and audiences is important for A-level Media Studies.

• Ownership, circulation, readership, regulation, and advertising are all important factors to consider when studying the newspaper industry.

News Corp and Rupert Murdoch

This section discusses the power of News Corp, its owner Rupert Murdoch, and his political views. It also talks about the impact of shareholders on newspapers.

News Corp's Power

• News Corp is a conglomerate that can distribute its material globally using any one of its subsidiary companies.

• Despite breaking rules, such as in the phone hacking scandal, they have managed to escape sanctions due to their power and influence.

Rupert Murdoch

• Rupert Murdoch is a global billionaire who owns News Corp.

• He is conservative and a Republican Party donor in America.

• Although he has right-wing tendencies, News Corp aims to be neutral or centrist in their reporting.

Shareholders' Impact on Newspapers

• Shareholders have a big impact on how newspapers operate as a company.

• They must protect their reputation while appealing to their target audience to make money.

• When bad publicity damages the company's reputation, they may shut down newspapers to control the situation and protect other newspapers.

Regulation of The Times and The Mirror

This section discusses the regulatory boards that govern The Times and The Mirror newspapers.

IPSO

• IPSO regulates both The Times and The Mirror.

• It prevents them from publishing offensive or harmful material or libelous content that could damage someone's reputation if it's false.

IMPRESS

• IMPRESS is another government-run organization but does not regulate The Times or The Mirror.

• Some people say that IPSO could be biased since it is run by newspaper industry employees and may not be as strict on rule-breaking as it could be.

• Unlike IMPRESS, IPSO does not follow the recommendations of the Leveson inquiry.

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