UNIDAD 3: PROGRAMA 1 (PARTE final) Y UNIDAD 2: PROGRAMA 4: TRÁFICO ILÍCITO (PARTE 1)
Introduction
The speaker introduces the topic of preserving cultural heritage objects and the importance of proper storage and handling.
Understanding the Importance of Preservation
- Cultural heritage objects, such as those found in museums and archives, need to be stored and preserved properly to ensure their longevity.
- Objects are stored in specific ways to prevent damage during transportation or exhibition.
- Proper preservation techniques help protect the objects from dust, dirt, and other environmental factors that can cause deterioration.
Object Storage Techniques
The speaker discusses different storage techniques used for preserving cultural heritage objects.
Types of Packaging
- Objects like paintings are stored in specially designed boxes with compartments to keep them upright and prevent contact between artworks.
- Different types of packaging are used for various purposes, such as transportation or exhibition.
- Some packaging methods include using padded rolls for textiles or delicate materials to avoid creasing or damage.
Protection Measures
The speaker explains additional protection measures taken when storing cultural heritage objects.
Avoiding Damage during Transportation
- Objects are carefully packed to prevent any impact or movement during transportation.
- Paper is folded around fragile items like sculptures to provide cushioning and protect against scratches.
- Rails with hooks are used to hang objects securely without causing damage.
Preservation of Textiles
The speaker discusses preservation techniques specifically related to textiles.
Preventing Textile Damage
- Textiles are often rolled on acid-free cardboard tubes to avoid creases and marks caused by hanging them on wire hangers.
- Acid-free padding is used between layers of textiles to provide support and prevent damage over time.
Archiving Documents
The speaker talks about the archiving process for historical documents.
Document Preservation
- Historical documents are stored in archives to ensure their long-term preservation.
- Documents from different time periods, including the colonial era, are carefully preserved and protected.
- Acid-free packaging is used to prevent deterioration of paper-based documents.
Archival Process
The speaker explains how documents are archived and transferred to different institutions over time.
Document Transfer
- After a certain period, public administration archives are transferred to the general provincial archive for long-term storage.
- Documents from various government agencies and institutions are organized and cataloged in the provincial archive.
Challenges of Document Preservation
The speaker discusses challenges related to preserving historical documents.
Fragility of Historical Documents
- Historical documents written by hand on rustic paper can be fragile and prone to damage.
- Special care is taken when handling these delicate documents to avoid further deterioration.
These notes provide an overview of the main topics discussed in the transcript. Each section highlights key points related to preserving cultural heritage objects, including storage techniques, protection measures, textile preservation, archiving processes, and challenges faced in document preservation.
Archiving and Preservation of Historical Documents
This section discusses the process of archiving historical documents, particularly those from the colonial period. It highlights the importance of preserving these documents and the methods used for their conservation.
Archiving Process
- Historical documents are preserved in the General Archive, located next to the Metro Tram station.
- The archive contains records dating back to the city's establishment, including documents written with ink and quill during the colonial period.
- Documents are organized into packages, sealed with tape, and inventoried for easy retrieval.
Exhibition of Remains
- The exhibition showcases various types of laws from the 19th and early 20th centuries.
- There was a controversial case involving the display of remains belonging to an indigenous employee who died during expeditions in southern Argentina.
- The director of the museum decided to exhibit these remains, which sparked criticism and scandal due to ethical concerns.
Legal Framework for Indigenous Rights
- The Argentine Constitution recognizes and respects the ethnic and cultural preexistence of indigenous peoples (Article 75, Section 17).
- The law prohibits treating human remains as objects and emphasizes respect for cultural identity.
- International treaties also protect indigenous rights, ensuring their participation in decision-making processes regarding natural resources.
Legal Protection of Indigenous Peoples' Rights
This section explores legal provisions that safeguard indigenous peoples' rights in Argentina. It highlights constitutional guarantees, international agreements, and ethical codes that promote respect for indigenous cultures.
Constitutional Recognition
- Article 75, Section 17 of the Argentine Constitution acknowledges the juridical personality of indigenous communities.
- Indigenous communities have communal possession and ownership rights over traditionally occupied lands.
- These lands cannot be sold or transferred and are protected from encumbrances or liens.
International Agreements
- Argentina ratified the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention 169, which ensures broad participation of indigenous communities in decision-making processes.
- The convention emphasizes respect for cultural traditions, beliefs, and customs.
Ethical Codes
- The National Institute of Indigenous Affairs and the Administration of National Parks adopted the Code of Ethics of INCOM (International Council of Museums).
- The code includes guidelines for handling human remains and sacred objects with respect to different cultures and beliefs.
Exhibition of Human Remains in Museums
This section discusses the historical tradition of exhibiting human remains in museums. It highlights the shift towards more respectful practices and considerations for cultural sensitivity when displaying anthropological objects.
Historical Context
- In the past, physical presence was necessary to teach sciences due to limited digital resources.
- Encyclopedias from the 19th century often included real objects as teaching tools.
- Museums, schools, and universities displayed human remains for educational purposes.
Contemporary Considerations
- With advancements in technology and increased awareness, curating exhibitions requires sensitivity towards indigenous communities' cultural beliefs.
- Institutions like the National Institute of Indigenous Affairs regulate the exhibition of anthropological objects to avoid offensive displays.
Regulation and Examples
This section provides examples of regulations related to exhibiting human remains in educational institutions. It emphasizes that there are existing rules governing these practices.
Existing Regulations
- The Argentine government has established regulations regarding indigenous affairs through various institutions such as the National Institute of Indigenous Affairs.
Example Cases
- Some schools, like Colegio Nacional and Liceo Agrícola de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, used to have human remains for educational purposes.
Conclusion
The transcript discusses archiving historical documents, the exhibition of human remains, legal protection for indigenous peoples' rights, and regulations regarding the display of anthropological objects. It emphasizes the importance of respecting cultural identity and promoting ethical practices in museums and educational institutions.
New Section
This section discusses a group of people who were not like the others.
People who were different
- There was a group of people who were different from the rest.
- They did not belong to the same category as others.
New Section
This section talks about a road that crosses a highway and its significance in relation to the Inca Empire.
The road and its significance
- The road crosses the national international route towards Chile.
- It is part of the Inca trail and only crosses to the other side at Puente de Inca.
- The road showcases the diversity of landscapes from Colombia to Ecuador, passing through different regions that were once part of the Inca Empire.
- It also represents cultural diversity under the same Inca rule, with various ethnic groups inhabiting these areas.
New Section
This section introduces a 360-degree video that allows viewers to explore different perspectives of the road.
Exploring the road through a 360-degree video
- The video provides a bidimensional view but is meant to be experienced in a tridimensional way using cursor controls.
- Viewers can navigate between north and south, exploring different angles and perspectives of the road.
New Section
This section highlights that there are two sides to the road, representing north and south directions.
Two sides of the road
- One side represents the north direction, while the other side represents the south direction.
- These sides showcase different aspects and views along the road.
New Section
This section discusses the importance of observing the changing landscapes and cultural diversity along the road.
Importance of observing the landscapes and cultural diversity
- The landscapes vary from Colombia to Ecuador, passing through different regions that were part of the Inca Empire.
- This showcases not only the diversity of natural scenery but also the cultural diversity under Inca rule.
- Despite being under the same dominion, each region had its own unique characteristics and ethnic groups.
New Section
This section introduces the concept of illicit trafficking and its various forms.
Illicit trafficking and its forms
- Illicit trafficking refers to illegal activities such as smuggling.
- It can involve various types of goods, including arms, drugs, animals, and cultural artifacts.
- Cultural artifacts are particularly valuable in this illicit trade due to their historical significance and potential for high profits.
- The trafficking of cultural artifacts ranks among the top crimes alongside human trafficking and arms smuggling.
New Section
This section emphasizes the importance of understanding illicit trafficking in relation to working with people at customs or airports.
Understanding illicit trafficking in a professional context
- Professionals working at customs or airports interact with individuals who may be involved in illicit trafficking.
- People may use tourism packages or other activities as a cover for smuggling objects across borders.
- A notable example is when valuable books were stolen from General San Martín's private collection in Mendoza. These books were donated by him for creating Mendoza's first library.
- It is crucial to be aware of these situations to prevent illegal activities related to cultural heritage.
New Section
This section highlights that conservation and protection of cultural heritage are not only the responsibility of the owner but also the city or province where it is located.
Conservation and protection of cultural heritage
- The conservation and protection of cultural heritage extend beyond the ownership rights.
- Cultural artifacts belong to the city or province where they are located.
- They cannot be removed from their original location without proper authorization.
- International conventions, such as those established by UNESCO, address these issues and provide guidelines for safeguarding cultural heritage.
New Section
This section summarizes illicit trafficking as a result of illegal activities and its impact on various markets.
Illicit trafficking and its impact
- Illicit trafficking involves illegal trade, often in black markets, of artistic objects or antiques.
- It facilitates money laundering and serves as a means to hide illegal activities.
- Other forms include looting during armed conflicts and counterfeiting artworks or archaeological items.
The transcript ends abruptly after this point.
Una obra comprada en el
The speaker mentions the purchase of an artwork and discusses the process of restitution through legal procedures.
Restitution of Artworks
- In Italy, there are 12,000 artworks from other countries that need to be returned.
- Restitution is often delayed due to legal processes and resistance from other countries.
- International court rulings can lead to the return of artworks.
- Restitution is not driven by a desire to keep the objects but rather follows legal procedures.
Llamada a los señores de la República italiana
The speaker addresses the issue of restitution with regards to Italy and discusses the challenges faced in returning objects.
Challenges in Restitution
- The speaker questions when Italy will return the 12,000 artworks belonging to other countries.
- France also faces difficulties in restituting objects as they do not want to comply.
- Legal processes and court judgments are necessary for restitution.
- Once an international court ruling is made, objects can be returned.
Sentencia y restitución de objetos
The speaker explains that once a judgment is made at an international level, objects can be restituted.
Process of Restitution
- After an international court ruling, objects are returned based on the judgment.
- The decision for restitution is not driven by personal preferences but follows legal procedures.
Conclusion and Questions
The speaker concludes their presentation and opens up for questions from the audience.
Final Remarks and Questions
- The speaker concludes their presentation and mentions some videos that will be shown later.
- A question is asked, and the speaker responds with a brief comment.
- The speaker announces that there will be no class next week due to exams.
- The evaluation of the practical assignment will be sent individually to each group member.
- Good luck wishes are given to those who have exams next week.
Last question about correction of work
A student asks about the correction of their assignment, and the speaker clarifies the situation.
Correction of Assignments
- A student asks if the correction for their assignment will be available soon.
- The speaker confirms that they did not receive any email regarding corrections yet.
- There was an issue with recording one video related to citations, but it was already established in the platform.
- Some students did not follow citation guidelines, which caused problems with their assignments.
Citations and Plagiarism
The speaker discusses issues related to citations and plagiarism in student assignments.
Citations and Plagiarism
- The speaker mentions that citations were heavily emphasized in class to avoid plagiarism.
- Some students did not include proper citations or copied content without referencing sources.
- Students who made errors may receive comments for improvement or need to redo parts of their assignments.
Need for New Work
The speaker explains that some students need to submit new work due to significant issues with their previous assignments.
Revisions and New Work
- Students who need revisions or received a failing grade must submit new work.
- Proper citations and other requirements should be followed in the new submissions.
Rules and Challenges in Assignments
The speaker discusses challenges faced by both students and teachers in assignments and adherence to rules.
Adherence to Rules
- The speaker acknowledges that some students did not attend classes regularly or submit their assignments on time.
- The importance of following assignment guidelines, including citation styles, is emphasized.
- Challenges with using new citation formats like APA and Chicago are mentioned.
- Some students have formed study groups to stay informed and support each other.
Lack of Presentiality and Missing Parts
The speaker discusses the lack of in-person classes and missing parts in the course materials.
Lack of In-Person Classes
- Due to the absence of in-person classes, certain aspects like presentiality are missing.
- Some videos related to citations were not uploaded or shared due to technical issues.
- The speaker mentions a helpful tool for generating citations (Chicago and APA styles).
- Personal experience with using citation generators is shared.
Conclusion and Final Thoughts
The speaker concludes the discussion on citations and shares final thoughts.
Conclusion and Final Thoughts
- Despite missing videos, the information was already established in the platform.
- Students are encouraged to use citation generators for practice and organization.
- A PDF with Chicago style guidelines is available on the course platform.
Listo con eso lo hicimos así
The speaker mentions that they have completed a task and explains how it was done.
Task Completion Explanation
- The speaker states that they are finished with the task.
- They briefly explain the process of completing the task.
This section provides a brief explanation of completing a task, but no specific details are provided.