Madera Aserrada (II parte)
Quality Control in Wood Processing
Inspection and Classification of Wood Pieces
- It is essential to check that the wood piece is free from defects and meets desired dimensions. Automatic classifiers utilize optimizing saws to interpret and eliminate defects.
- Following this, pieces are classified by thickness and quality, preparing them for either slow air drying (protected from weather) or rapid drying in controlled humidity and temperature chambers.
Advanced Sawing Techniques
- The most advanced type of sawmill for high yields is the Cantor type, where logs are positioned at the entrance of two large conical trunks equipped with blades for cutting wood.
- This control system allows management of the entire process using artificial vision cameras and lasers projected onto the log's end to maximize area cut.
Cutting Process Optimization
- Once calculated, logs are cut to produce the maximum number of pieces at a specific thickness. Offcuts are transformed into fillers used in particle board manufacturing or cellulose pulp.
- Logs are coded upon arrival at the saw; multiple blades perform cuts efficiently, producing boards, planks, or beams in a single pass.
Transportation and Drying Processes
Automated Sorting Systems
- Each obtained piece is transported via a complex conveyor system to a classifier that sorts them by thickness. Measurements occur at the start of classification.
- An automatic stacker organizes pieces by thickness while placing separators between layers.
Drying Conditions
- Stacked pieces move to medium or high-temperature dryers where moisture content reaches between 8% and 12%.
Economic Impact on Rural Areas
Contribution to Local Economies
- Sawmills significantly contribute wealth and employment in rural areas, which is crucial for community development.