Perú. Sistema Eléctrico. Generación, Transmisión y Distribución.

Introduction to Electrical Systems

The video introduces basic concepts of an electrical system, covering generation, transformation, transmission, and distribution. It explains voltage levels in Peru and analogizes electrical flow to a river.

Understanding Voltage and Electrical Components

• Voltage levels in Peru include low, medium, and high tension. Voltage is compared to the force with which electrons move in a circuit.

• Analogies are drawn between electrical components and elements of a river: electric current as water flow, amperes as unit of current (A), voltage as pressure force (V), resistance measured in ohms (Ω).

• Electric cables are likened to a riverbed offering resistance. Power is equated to pressure force plus water flow rate, measured in watts (W).

Generation of Electrical Energy

The video discusses the production of electrical energy from renewable and non-renewable sources through various types of power plants.

Types of Power Plants

• Renewable energy sources like hydroelectric plants use water force for electricity generation.

• Solar power plants utilize sunlight while wind power plants harness wind energy for electricity generation.

Transmission Challenges and Solutions

This section delves into challenges faced during electricity transmission over long distances and solutions to minimize losses.

Transmission Efficiency

• To reduce losses due to resistance during long-distance transmission, voltage is increased.

• Example: Sending 50 MW at 20 kV over a long distance results in high current causing significant losses due to cable heating.

Optimizing Transmission Efficiency

Strategies for optimizing transmission efficiency by adjusting voltage levels based on technical requirements are explored.

Effectiveness of Voltage Adjustment

• Increasing voltage from 20 kV to 138 kV reduces current flow, minimizing losses due to cable heating.

• Adjusting voltage according to technical needs helps prevent significant losses due to physical phenomena during electricity transmission.

Voltage Levels in Electrical Installations

Different voltage levels used in electrical installations are explained based on their applications.

Classification by Voltage Levels

• Very high tension (500 kV): Used in substations for transmitting large amounts of electricity over vast distances with minimal losses.

• High tension (60 kV - 220 kV): Found both outside and inside cities for efficient electricity transport over considerable distances.

Distribution Networks and Applications

Various voltage levels employed in distributing electricity within urban areas, industrial zones, rural regions, and public lighting systems are detailed.

Application Varieties

• Medium tension (20 kV - 33 kV): Primarily used for city distribution networks including urban areas and industries.