Coordination in Telugu: Class10 Biology chapter-5 FULL CHAPTER | AP & TS Syllabus

Coordination and Response in the Nervous System

Importance of Physical Activity

• Physical activity is crucial for coordination, movement, and balance, impacting overall performance and body load across different systems.

Production of Responses

• The production of responses involves various types of coordination: chemical (hormonal), nervous (brain and spinal cord), and endocrine gland functions.

Structure and Function of Nerve Cells

• Nerve cells consist of a cell body with a prominent nucleus; synapses are critical contact points for information transfer between neurons.

Types of Neurons

• There are three main types of neurons:

• Sensory Neurons: Carry signals from sense organs to the central nervous system.

• Motor Neurons: Transmit signals from the central nervous system to effectors.

• Interneurons: Connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system.

Reflex Arc Mechanism

• A reflex arc is defined as a single pathway that transmits signals from detectors to effectors via the spinal cord, facilitating quick reflex actions.

Structure of the Nervous System

Components of the Nervous System

• The nervous system comprises two main parts:

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes the brain and spinal cord.

• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Connects CNS to limbs and organs.

Brain Structure Overview

• Key structures include:

• Cranium protecting the brain,

• Cerebrum responsible for higher mental functions,

• Cerebellum coordinating movement,

• Various lobes including olfactory lobes for smell processing.

Chemical Coordination in Body Functions

Types of Glands Involved in Chemical Coordination

• Two primary types:

• Exocrine Glands: Such as salivary glands that secrete substances through ducts.

• Endocrine Glands: Like pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands that release hormones directly into blood vessels.

Hormonal Functions

• Hormones play vital roles such as:

• Adrenaline triggering fight-or-flight responses during danger.

• Thyrotropin stimulating thyroid function affecting metabolism.

Reproductive Hormones

• Key reproductive hormones include:

• Luteinizing hormone regulating ovulation in females.

• Follicle-stimulating hormone influencing sperm production in males.

Responses to Stimuli in Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli

• Plants exhibit tropic movements such as phototropism, responding directionally to light stimuli which influences their growth patterns.