SSC GD GS Classes 2026 | SSC GD GS Practice Set 01 | SSC GD GS 2026 | GS By Ajeet Sir

Introduction to SSC GD Practice Set

Overview of the Session

• Ajit welcomes participants and encourages them to join the live session focused on SSC GD preparation.

• The session will cover various subjects including History, Geography, Economics, Static GK, and Population in a chapter-wise manner.

• A timetable for classes is shared: Hindi at 2 PM, Reasoning at 3 PM, General Studies at 4 PM, and Mathematics at 7 PM.

Importance of Participation

• Ajit emphasizes the importance of taking notes during the class for effective learning and retention.

Key Questions about the Indian Constitution

Basic Constitutional Knowledge

• The first question posed is about who handwrote the original Indian Constitution.

• It took approximately 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to draft the Constitution.

Financial Aspects

• The total expenditure for drafting was around ₹64 lakh (6,396,729 INR).

Details on Handwriting and Fees

Handwriting Style

• The original Constitution was handwritten in an italic style by Prem Bihari Narayan Raizada.

Conditions for Payment

• Raizada stated that he would not charge a fee but required his signature on every page of the original document.

Signatures and Acknowledgments

Signature Details

• Each page of the original Constitution bears Raizada's signature as per his condition.

Final Page Condition

• He requested that his grandfather's name be included with a signature on the last page; his grandfather was Ram Prasad Saksena.

Constitutional Decoration and Contributors

Artistic Contributions

• The decoration of the Indian Constitution was done by Nandalal Bose along with Ram Manohar Sinha and other members from Shantiniketan.

Historical Context

• Shantiniketan was founded by Rabindranath Tagore.

Judicial Establishment in India

Historical Judicial Development

• Discussion includes when Fort William became established as a Supreme Court in India as part of constitutional development.

Supreme Court Establishment and Constitutional Insights

Historical Context of the Supreme Court

• The question regarding the establishment of the Supreme Court was raised, specifically referencing March 3, 2019. It was established in Kolkata as per the Regulating Act of 1773.

• The first Supreme Court was founded in Kolkata in 1774, with Eliza Impey serving as its Chief Justice.

• Alongside Eliza Impey, three other judges were appointed: Judge Hyde, Judge Limister, and Judge Chamberlain.

Appeals Process

• Appeals against decisions made by this Supreme Court could be taken to the Privy Council located in Britain.

• Following the establishment of the initial court, additional High Courts were created in Bombay and Madras in 1800 and 1823 respectively.

Constitution Details

• A significant question posed on January 12, 2023, asked about the world's longest written constitution; it is recognized that India's constitution holds this title.

• The original Indian Constitution comprised 395 articles divided into 22 parts with eight schedules. Currently, it has over 470 articles across approximately 25 parts and includes twelve schedules.

Page Count Clarification

• There is a common misconception regarding page count; while some sources state there are around 251 pages or even up to 255 pages, accurate records indicate there are actually around 117369 words within these pages.

Current Location of Original Constitution

• The original copy of India's constitution is preserved at the Parliamentary Library.

Constitutional Comparisons

Word Counts and Comparisons

• When comparing constitutions globally, it's noted that America's constitution originally contained about 4000 words, which has now increased to approximately 7500 words.

Smallest Written Constitution

• Monaco's constitution is identified as the smallest written constitution globally with roughly 3814 words.

First Written Constitutions

• The first written constitution worldwide belongs to the USA. In Asia, Japan holds this distinction for having Asia's first written constitution.

Unwritten Constitutions

• Countries like Britain and Israel have unwritten constitutions; Britain's system is particularly noted for its lack of a single codified document.

Significant Legislative Acts

British Legislative Changes

• An important act passed by British Parliament in August 1858 ended company rule in India; this act is known as the Government of India Act or India Act of 1858.

Royal Significance

• Queen Victoria signed this act which was publicly announced at Minto Park in Allahabad on November 1st by Lord Canning.

What Changes Occurred in India's Governance Structure?

Transition to Viceroy and Secretary of State

• The Governor-General of India was transformed into the Viceroy, with the first Viceroy being Lord Canning.

• The Board of Control, also known as the Court of Directors or Board of Directors, was abolished, leading to a new governance structure.

• A new position called the Secretary of State for India was created, with Stanley being appointed as the first individual to hold this role.

• To assist the Secretary of State, a council consisting of 15 members was established; eight were selected by the British Crown and seven elected by Company Directors.

Overview of Prehistoric Period

Understanding Prehistoric Timeframes

• The prehistoric period spans from approximately 2 million years ago to around 12,000 years ago and is divided into three phases: Early, Middle, and Upper Paleolithic.

• Prehistoric times refer to periods without written history; it encompasses about 99% of human history.

Classification within Prehistoric Period

• The prehistoric period is categorized into three main parts: Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age).

• The Paleolithic era is estimated to range from 20 lakh years ago up until about 12,000 BC.

Key Developments in Human History

Evolutionary Milestones in Tool Use

• Robert Bruce Foote conducted studies on the Paleolithic period in 1863, highlighting that stone tools were primarily used during this time.

• Evidence suggests that fire discovery occurred at Chouzi Gojian cave in China during this era when early humans consumed raw meat.

Advancements in Hunting Techniques

• In contrast, during the Mesolithic period studied by C.L. Carlyle in 1867, people had learned hunting skills using bows and arrows.

• This period marked a shift where cooked food became common due to knowledge gained about fire usage.

Introduction to Animal Husbandry

Historical Context of Animal Husbandry

• The discussion begins with the origins of animal husbandry, tracing its roots back to the medieval period, with evidence found in locations like Adamgarh in Madhya Pradesh.

• Evidence of domesticated animals has been discovered in Rajasthan, specifically from a site known as Bagaur or Wajaur.

Domestication of Animals

• The first domesticated animal identified is the dog, marking a significant milestone in human-animal relationships during the Neolithic era.

Neolithic Era Developments

Innovations and Archaeological Findings

• The invention of the wheel is highlighted as a key development during the Neolithic period, with various archaeological sites providing insights into this innovation.

• A quiz-like interaction occurs regarding which sites are not associated with Neolithic culture; it emphasizes learning through engagement.

Key Archaeological Sites

• The chapter outlines several important archaeological sites: Morvi district in Gujarat and Burzhom in Jammu & Kashmir are mentioned for their historical significance.

• Specific findings include evidence of pit houses and other structures that provide insight into early human habitation patterns.

Agricultural Practices and Evidence

Crop Cultivation Insights

• Discussion on agricultural practices reveals that evidence for wheat and barley cultivation was found at these archaeological sites, indicating early farming techniques.

• Additional findings include remnants of rice cultivation (paddy), showcasing diverse agricultural practices during this era.

Significant Discoveries in Archaeology

Excavation Details

• Notable excavations conducted by H.D. Terra in 1935 revealed pit houses and burial practices involving dogs alongside humans at Burzhom.

Further Excavation Insights

• Other archaeologists like T.T. Peterson contributed to uncovering more about these ancient settlements, emphasizing collaborative efforts in archaeology.

Regional Focus: Hallsur and Utnur

Site-Specific Discoveries

• Hallsur's excavation led by Nagraj in 1962 provided further understanding of Neolithic life, while Utnur's discovery by F.R. Ojan highlights regional variations within prehistoric cultures.

Bihu Festival: Types and Celebrations

Overview of Bihu Festivals

• The Bihu festival is celebrated in Assam, with three main types identified: Bohag Bihu, Magh Bihu, and Kati Bihu.

• Bohag Bihu, also known as Bohag Bishu, occurs in the month of Vaishakh (April-May).

• Magh Bihu is celebrated during the month of Magh (January-February).

• Kati Bihu takes place in the month of Kartik (October-November), marking a significant agricultural event.

Cultural Significance

• These festivals are closely related to agriculture and signify the harvesting season.

• The celebration of these festivals also marks the Assamese New Year, emphasizing their cultural importance.

Regional Festivals in India

Notable Festivals Across States

• Uttar Pradesh does not celebrate certain festivals like Taj Mahotsav which is held in Agra.

• Nua Khai festival is celebrated in Odisha while Ganga Mahotsav takes place in Varanasi.

Specific Celebrations

• Buddha Mahotsav is primarily observed in Bihar and Eastern UP, particularly at Bodh Gaya.

• Nua Khai honors Lord Ganesh and is also celebrated in Chhattisgarh alongside Odisha.

Ganesh Chaturthi: Historical Context

Origins and Celebration

• Ganesh Chaturthi was initiated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1893 to promote unity among Indians.

• This festival begins on Ganesh Chaturthi and continues for several days following it.

Devotional Aspects

• Nua Khai is dedicated to Goddess Durga, showcasing its religious significance within local traditions.

Holi Celebrations Across Regions

Regional Variants

• Holi is celebrated as a spring festival by the Mitei tribe over five days mainly in Manipur.

Calendar Alignment

• The Mitei calendar aligns Holi celebrations with February-March, referred to as Lamta.

Festivals Unique to Specific States

State-Specific Observances

• In Goa, Sigmo Mahotsav is a notable celebration while Ganga Dashahara occurs in West Bengal.

• Durga Puja holds great significance especially within Odisha's cultural landscape.

Maharashtra Celebrations

• Maharashtra celebrates Shivaji Jayanti along with Ganesh Chaturthi highlighting regional pride.

Flamingo Festival at Pulicat Lake

Environmental Significance

• The Flamingo Festival takes place near Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary at Pulicat Lake located between Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

• Pulicat Lake boasts rich biodiversity including fish and shrimp populations contributing to its ecological value.

Indian Banking and Demographics Overview

Understanding CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio)

• The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is defined as a specific amount that banks must keep in cash with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

• It represents a portion of a commercial bank's total deposits that must be held as reserves with the RBI, ensuring liquidity.

• The RBI was established on April 1, 1935, under the RBI Act of 1934, which was passed by the Government of India.

Current Leadership and Headquarters

• The current governor of the RBI is Sanjay Malhotra.

• The headquarters of the RBI is located in Mumbai.

Measurement Instruments in Vehicles

• An odometer measures distance traveled by vehicles; it continuously records mileage.

• A tachometer measures rotational speed, specifically for discs or shafts within vehicles.

Fuel Measurement and E20 Petrol Introduction

• A fuel gauge indicates how much fuel is present in a vehicle's tank; it's crucial for monitoring fuel levels.

• Starting April 1, E20 petrol will be introduced in India, consisting of 20% ethanol and 80% petrol. This change may affect older vehicle engines negatively.

Population Statistics from India's Census

• According to the 2011 census, Hindu population growth rate was approximately 16.8%, with around 96.63 crore Hindus recorded.

• In comparison to the previous census in 2001, where about 82.75 crore Hindus were counted, there has been a decline in percentage representation by about 0.7%.

Gender Distribution and Growth Rate

• As per the same census data from 2011, male population constituted about 51.5%, while female population accounted for approximately 48.5%.

• The decadal growth rate from 2001 to 2011 was noted at around 17.64%.

Population Growth and Banking History in India

Population Statistics

• The population growth rate in India is reported at 17.64%.

• Uttar Pradesh (UP) is identified as the state with the highest population in India.

• The sex ratio of India, according to the 2011 census, stands at 943 females per 1000 males.

Historical Banking Institutions

• The first bank established in India was the Bank of Hindustan in 1770.

• Punjab National Bank was founded in 1894, while Awadh Commercial Bank was established earlier in 1881.

• The State Bank of India was formed much later, in 1955.

Astronomical Distances and Events

Distance from Earth to Sun

• The average distance from Earth to the Sun is approximately 150 million kilometers.

• The composition of the Sun includes about 71% hydrogen and approximately 26.5% helium.

Key Astronomical Events

• Aphelion occurs on July 4th when Earth is farthest from the Sun.

• Perihelion happens on January 3rd when Earth is closest to the Sun.

Constellations and Solar System Planets

Constellation Insights

• Ursa Major, also known as "The Great Bear," is a prominent constellation visible in the northern hemisphere.

Inner vs. Outer Planets

• Inner planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars; these are characterized as lighter planets.

• Outer planets consist of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; they are referred to as gas giants or outer planets.

Cultural Festivals and Engagement

Cultural Significance

• A question regarding which Indian state celebrates Baisakhi festival serves as an engagement tool for students.

Feedback Request

• The speaker encourages students to provide feedback on their learning experience during class sessions for motivation and improvement.