✅ El Egipto PTOLEMAICO: de Alejandro Magno a CLEOPATRA 🐫 Historia universal

Historia en 5 minutos

In this video, the speaker delves into the topic of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in Ancient Egypt, highlighting its significance and key historical events.

Arrival of Alexander the Great in Egypt

• Alexander's arrival marks the end of the period known as the "Low Period" in Egypt.

• The conquest of Asia by Alexander was motivated by Greece's rivalry with the Persian Empire.

• Egyptians welcomed Alexander as they were discontent with Persian rule, leading to his coronation as king in Memphis.

Establishment of Ptolemaic Rule

• After Alexander's death, Ptolemy I Soter assumes control of Egypt.

• Ptolemy I faces challenges in gaining full control over Egypt but solidifies his reign by 305 BC.

Cultural Aspects of the Ptolemaic Dynasty

• Ptolemy I declares himself king, initiating the Ptolemaic Dynasty, also known as Dynasty 32.

• Despite cultural changes, Egyptian religion and culture persist throughout this period.

Legacy and Influence

• Ptolemy I elevates Alexander's status akin to Achilles and buries him in Alexandria.

The Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt

The section discusses the reigns of various Ptolemaic rulers in Egypt, highlighting their political strategies, religious affiliations, and key events during their rule.

Ptolemy I's Reign

• Ptolemy I disregards Amun's wish for his burial site, opting to build his tomb in the capital for political legitimacy.

Legacy of Ptolemy II and III

• Ptolemy II focuses on political and economic stability through administrative reforms and border reinforcement. He builds the Temple of Isis in Philae.

Reign of Ptolemy III

• Marries Berenice II, emphasizing royal propaganda equating them with divine couples like Osiris and Isis.

Decline under Ptolemy IV

• Ptolemy IV faces revolts due to tax hikes, leading to conflicts against the dynasty.

Turmoil and Civil Wars

• Internal conflicts arise post-Ptolemy V's death, including significant revolts like the Etebas rebellion.

Cleopatra's Dynasty and Relationships

The section discusses Cleopatra's family background, her relationships with the Ptolemaic dynasty, and the elite Egyptian priesthood in Memphis.

Cleopatra's Family Background

• Cleopatra VII had four children: Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV, Arsinoe.

• Her mother was an important Egyptian woman connected to the elite of Memphis.

Political and Religious Significance

• The relationship between Ptolemy and the Memphis priesthood was crucial for politics and religion during that period.

• Ptolemy named a Memphis priest as his successor, emphasizing the importance of this connection.

Cleopatra's Reign and Relationships

This part delves into Cleopatra's return to Egypt, her reign alongside her brothers, and her alliances with Rome.

Return to Egypt

• In 58 BCE, Ptolemy was expelled from Egypt but returned with Roman support.

• Cleopatra VI and Berenice IV ruled in his absence until his return in 55 BCE.

Ascension to Power

• Cleopatra VII ascended the throne at just 18 years old in a unique move for an Egyptian queen.

• She associated her brothers with the throne per their father's wishes but eventually ruled alone.

Cleopatra's Alliances and Downfall

Focuses on Cleopatra's relationships with Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, their children together, propaganda strategies during their rule, leading up to her downfall.

Alliance with Julius Caesar

• Despite a significant age gap between them, Cleopatra formed a close alliance with Julius Caesar.

• Their union resulted in Cesarión being named heir under Roman influence as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.

Propaganda Strategies

• During their rule, Cleopatra and Mark Antony were portrayed as Egyptian deities in propaganda efforts.

Cleopatra's Demise

Discusses events leading to Cleopatra’s suicide after defeat by Octavian Augustus.

Defeat by Octavian Augustus

• Conflict arose due to Cleopatra’s expansionist policies leading to war against Rome under Octavian Augustus' command.

• After defeat at Actium in 31 BCE , she committed suicide along with Mark Antony .

Tragic End

• Following Mark Antony’s death , she sent Cesarión away for safety before committing suicide herself .

• The exact cause of her death remains uncertain due to conflicting historical accounts .

Conclusion: Legacy of Cleoptara

** Section Overview : ** Summarizes how Egypt became a province of Rome after Cleoptara ' s demise .

Transition to Roman Province

• After her death , Egypt became a Roman province , marking the end of the Ptolemies ' rule .