CCNA Completo | Leccion 7 | Capa de Red e IP
Introduction to Network Layer and IP
Overview of the Network Layer
- The lesson focuses on the Network Layer and IP, emphasizing its role in transporting traffic between devices not locally connected.
- Routers operate at Layer 3 (Network Layer), providing necessary services for interconnecting different networks.
Key Functions of the Network Layer
- The primary functions include encapsulation, where data from Layer 4 is wrapped into packets with a header containing source and destination addresses.
- Routing is another critical function; routers determine the best path for packets traveling from a source host to a destination host across networks.
Packet Processing and Encapsulation
Packet Arrival and Processing
- Upon arrival at the destination host, the Layer 3 header is removed in a process called de-encapsulation, allowing data to be passed to Layer 4 for further processing.
Internet Protocol (IP)
- The Internet Protocol (IP) defines packet formats, address structures, and routing methods. IPv4 is widely used today, while IPv6 is primarily utilized by service providers.
Supporting Protocols in Networking
Auxiliary Protocols
- Several auxiliary protocols assist IP in routing and delivering packets:
- ICMP helps diagnose potential routing issues.
- DHCP automates assignment of Layer 3 addresses to hosts.
- ARP allows IP to discover Layer 2 addresses needed for sending packets.
Understanding IP Packet Structure
Components of an IP Packet
- An IP packet consists of a header divided into fields. Key fields include source and destination IP addresses that identify where the packet comes from and where it should go.
Addressing with IPv4
- An IPv4 address comprises 32 bits divided into four octets. Each octet can be converted into decimal format for easier handling, resulting in dotted-decimal notation.
Next Steps in Learning
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