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1.2. Orígenes. La ciencia en templos y ágoras.
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1.2. Orígenes. La ciencia en templos y ágoras.

Spaces for Ancient Science

In this section, the speaker discusses the importance of spaces where ancient science was developed and how researchers need institutions that protect and incentivize them.

Two Ways to Protect Researchers

  • Researchers need institutions that protect and incentivize them.
  • Two ways can be chosen: freedom and independence or government control.
  • Freedom can promote innovation but may lead to forgotten research.
  • Different models were chosen in different societies.

Spaces for Scientific Activity in Ancient World

  • Temples and sanctuaries were essential settings for scientific activity in the ancient world.
  • Great temples with priests dedicated to it existed in Mesopotamia, while huge sanctuaries in Greece were dedicated to gods and heroes where medicine was practiced.
  • The Museum or Library of Alexandria was exceptional and connected to dynasties like the Ptolemies.

Spaces for Scholars in Greece

  • There were no special spaces or occupations for scholars in Greece.
  • Scholars had to publicly prove their worth through discussions and debates to increase their reputation and get teaching positions.
  • Rivalry among teachers encouraged an abundance of theories, leading to significant expansion of science.

Dialectical Debate in Greece

  • Greeks were constantly given to discussion without any agreement on widely shared theories by scholars.
  • Special spaces such as agoras and gymnasiums were dedicated to dialectical debate, but there were no rules until Aristotle established a method for it.

Athenian Sanctuaries

  • Athens developed private spaces where young students, teachers, and professors researched, discussed, and generated knowledge.
  • Three best-known ones: Academy (dedicated to god Academos), Cynosarges (to Hercules), Lyceum (to Apollo).
  • Plato and Aristotle were essential to the history of knowledge, linked to Academy and Lyceum respectively.

Differences between Academy and Lyceum

  • Plato's Academy emphasized mathematics while Aristotle's Lyceum focused on empirical study of nature, legal, and social learning.

Galen's Display of Knowledge

In this section, we learn about Galen, a doctor, philosopher and scientist who displayed his knowledge to other Roman physicians. He practiced animal vivisection in the street as though it were a real performance and managed to form an anatomy by analogy.

Galen's Display of Knowledge

  • Galen was a doctor, philosopher and scientist who wanted to prove the superiority of his knowledge to other Roman physicians.
  • He practiced animal vivisection in the street as though it were a real performance.
  • Through this practice, he managed to form an anatomy by analogy.
Video description

Autor: Ferragud, Carmel; Serie: MOOC Historia de la Ciencia Data: 2017 Resum: Los investigadores precisan de una institución que les proporcione el espacio donde exponer sus ideas. A medida que la investigación se institucionaliza el individuo ve reducidas sus opciones para innovar. Pero aquellos que deciden ir por libre, buscando su independencia, se pueden encontrar sin trabajo y sin público, y sus ideas seguramente no le sobrevivan. El precio de la independencia es el más absoluto olvido. Siguiendo estas disyuntivas, las sociedades de la Antigüedad ofrecieron diversos modelos para el desarrollo de la investigación, coordinado desde el Estado y el poder, o bien dejando iniciativa libre a los interesados. Música: Good mood song by Jerry Sterling; Producció: Servei de Formació Permanent i Innovació Educativa (http://www.uv.es/sfpie)