Strategic Management - Lecture 2 By Dr Mohamed Khaled-CIM Egypt

Name: Strategic Management - Lecture 2 By Dr Mohamed Khaled-CIM Egypt
Uploaded: 2025-06-26T18:25:01.000Z
Duration: 4 h 16 min 42 s
Description: Strategic Management - Lecture 2 By Dr Mohamed Khaled-CIM Egypt Strategic Management www.cim-egypt.com

Introduction to Strategic Management

Overview of the Session

The session begins with a recap of the previous lecture, emphasizing the importance of having a clear scheme for understanding strategic management concepts.

The speaker notes that the amount of data is substantial and will be manageable for those who have previously attended but still significant for newcomers.

Key Components of Strategic Management

Introduction to four key elements: orientation, vision, and others that will be discussed in detail during this session.

Discussion on conducting internal and external environmental scans, referred to as "analytical scanning," which remains consistent with previous methodologies.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Analysis

Transitioning from Qualitative to Quantitative

The speaker highlights a shift from qualitative analysis (e.g., PESTEL analysis) to quantitative methods in evaluating strategies.

Emphasis on deriving two critical numerical outcomes from the analysis process, indicating both qualitative and quantitative aspects are essential.

Importance of Both Approaches

Clarification that neither qualitative nor quantitative approaches are superior; both contribute valuable insights into strategic planning.

Strategy Formulation Process

Tools for Strategy Development

Introduction of specific tools used in strategy formulation, including how they can yield similar results when applied correctly.

Mention that students must engage with both qualitative and quantitative analyses to derive comprehensive strategies.

Selection of Strategies

After generating numerous strategies through analysis, there is a need for a systematic approach to select the most viable options based on defined criteria.

Implementation and Control

Role of Implementation in Strategic Management

Explanation that implementation involves distributing roles across departments rather than executing tasks directly by strategic managers.

Monitoring Progress

Importance placed on establishing KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) to track progress against objectives set during strategy formulation.

Business Planning within Functional Areas

Developing Functional Plans

Discussion about creating functional plans such as marketing plans that align with overall strategic goals without starting from scratch each time.

Integration Across Departments

Acknowledgment that marketing often collaborates closely with strategic management teams in practice, highlighting an integrated approach rather than isolated functions.

Strategic Management Trends and Insights

Understanding Current Trends in Strategic Management

The speaker discusses the current trend of individuals claiming expertise in strategic management, often without a solid understanding of the subject. Many rely on online resources, leading to high plagiarism rates.

Emphasizes that lacking knowledge in marketing or HR makes it difficult to follow strategic management discussions. The complexity of the field is acknowledged, despite its popularity.

Clarifies that students should not feel they have missed out if they haven't taken specific classes; strategic management encompasses essential concepts that are foundational.

Highlights that all students will take core modules related to strategic management, reinforcing the idea that everyone will gain similar knowledge regardless of their major.

Practical Application and Implementation

Discusses how to create various plans (marketing, HR, operations), stressing the importance of starting from scratch rather than relying on previous work or templates.

Mentions financial analysis as a critical component for operational planning and encourages students to engage with practical examples during their studies.

Stresses the importance of following structured steps when preparing for exams and projects, indicating that success comes from adhering to established guidelines rather than improvisation.

Exam Preparation Strategies

The speaker emphasizes organization and standardization in project submissions. Each student should develop their own template based on standardized criteria rather than personal preferences.

Outlines four key areas required for comprehensive assessments: marketing, HR, operations, and finance. This structure is crucial for exam preparation.

Advises students working on individual projects to start early and utilize original data instead of copying from websites or other sources. Originality is vital for success.

Importance of Understanding Over Memorization

Encourages students not just to memorize but also understand each step's significance within their projects. This comprehension aids retention during oral examinations.

Reiterates that effective study involves practicing with real data over several days rather than cramming last minute; familiarity with material leads to better performance in exams.

Oral Examination Insights

Discusses how oral examinations assess understanding rather than rote memorization. Students should be prepared to justify their decisions based on comprehension rather than simply recalling facts.

Emphasizes the need for clarity in explaining processes during oral exams; understanding each step allows students to articulate their reasoning effectively.

Concludes by stating that successful navigation through oral exams relies heavily on grasping concepts thoroughly instead of merely repeating learned phrases or terms.

Introduction to Business Strategy

Key Components of a Business Presentation

Emphasizes the importance of avoiding unnecessary details in presentations, such as company history or irrelevant images. Focus should be on the product portfolio and services.

Highlights the need to identify key stakeholders and competitors in the introduction section, stressing that this is crucial for understanding market dynamics.

Advises on how to find a company's vision and mission statements, suggesting copying from their website unless unavailable.

Handling Missing Information

Discusses what to do if a company's mission and vision are not found online; suggests reaching out directly rather than relying solely on web searches.

Warns against wasting time on unproductive methods when gathering information about a company’s financial statements or other critical data.

Critique and Proposal Development

Outlines three main tasks regarding vision and mission: state current ones, critique them, and propose improvements based on analysis.

Stresses that critiques should focus on specific factors related to the vision statement, ensuring clarity in communication.

Understanding Vision Statements

Characteristics of Effective Vision Statements

Explains that vision statements should be aspirational yet realistic; they often reflect long-term goals that may not currently be achievable.

Uses Microsoft as an example of a company whose vision evolved over time, illustrating how companies can adapt their visions based on market realities.

Crafting Your Own Vision Statement

Suggests keeping vision statements concise (ideally two sentences), focusing on future orientation without excessive detail.

Identifies four essential components for crafting effective vision statements: defining customers, needs, products/services offered, and company values.

Mission Statements Explained

Importance of Mission Statements

Clarifies that mission statements are typically longer than vision statements and serve as a communication tool with employees about organizational goals.

Structuring Mission Statements

Indicates that mission statements can include various factors but should remain clear and focused. They might range from four sentences to short paragraphs summarizing core objectives.

Factors Influencing Business Criticism

Understanding Key Factors

The factors for business criticism include customer insights, product or service details, market presence in Egypt and abroad, industry specifics, and technology used.

Goals can vary: survival, growth, or profitability. It's rare to find a mission statement focused solely on survival.

Mission Statements and Company Philosophy

Companies often aim for profitability rather than mere survival; this is viewed from an academic perspective.

Artistic companies may have specific concepts they want to communicate through their designs or services.

Public Image vs. Reality

Companies may claim to address significant health issues (like diabetes), but motivations are often profit-driven rather than altruistic.

A mission statement should reflect various factors; if fewer than seven critical elements are present, a proposal for improvement is necessary.

Developing New Missions Based on Critical Factors

Creating Effective Missions

If existing missions do not meet the criteria based on identified factors, new missions must be developed accordingly.

Engaging with the mission and vision requires more than superficial involvement; it demands genuine focus and understanding.

Importance of Stakeholder Engagement

For new companies, understanding components like mission and vision is crucial; these should align with stakeholder expectations.

Evaluating Vision and Mission Statements

Steps for Evaluation

Conduct a survey among stakeholders to determine the most accurate mission and vision statements.

Analyze current statements against four key components to identify strengths and weaknesses.

Proposing Improvements

If at least seven components are present in the analysis, propose enhancements based on those findings.

Core Values: Their Significance

Understanding Core Values

Core values shape organizational culture; they include genetic values (truth), shadow values (hidden agendas), progressive values (innovation), etc.

Practical Application of Values

In practical terms, core values are more important than background data collection when assessing organizational effectiveness.

Challenges in Brand Management

Identifying Value Misalignment

If core values aren't clearly defined or communicated within the organization, it can lead to significant employee turnover.

Importance of Branding Knowledge

A lack of understanding about branding fundamentals can hinder effective brand management strategies.

Understanding Environmental Scanning

Introduction to Environmental Scanning

The speaker introduces the concept of environmental scanning, emphasizing its importance and ease due to prior knowledge among participants.

The discussion transitions into how external analysis is conducted, highlighting the methods used in previous sessions.

External Analysis Overview

The focus shifts to external analysis, which is deemed easier for participants. It involves understanding macro and micro environmental factors.

A distinction is made between macro and micro influences; macro affects all companies while micro influences specific competitors.

Competitors in Micro Environment

Competitors are classified as a micro factor since they directly influence individual firms.

The Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) is introduced as a tool for comparing an organization with its rivals.

Critical Success Factors (CSFs)

CSFs are defined as essential elements that determine success within an industry. High scores in these factors indicate strong performance.

Participants learn that CSFs vary by industry but are crucial for organizational success.

Identifying Critical Success Factors

A table illustrating various CSFs such as brand reputation and customer retention is presented for better understanding.

The Delphi technique is explained as a method for gathering expert opinions on critical success factors relevant to specific industries.

Application of the Delphi Technique

Experts from the industry provide insights on what they believe are key success factors, leading to commonalities that enhance their importance.

After identifying common factors, experts reconvene to rank them based on significance, ensuring a comprehensive approach to determining CSFs.

Practical Considerations in Identifying CSFs

A minimum of 11 critical success factors is recommended for effective strategic planning; fewer may lead to inaccurate results.

A resource table listing potential critical success factors across various industries will be provided to assist participants in their analyses.

Critical Success Factors in the Mobile Industry

Understanding Weights and Importance

The discussion begins with identifying critical success factors (CSFs) in the mobile industry, emphasizing their importance.

Each CSF is assigned a weight to indicate its significance; higher weights denote greater importance.

The Delphi technique is introduced as a method for ranking these factors based on collective input from participants.

Ranking and Weighting Methodology

Participants are tasked with determining the relative importance of each CSF, ensuring that the total weight sums to one (100%).

This rule ensures clarity in prioritization, preventing any factor from exceeding its designated weight limit.

Practical Application of Delphi Technique

The speaker discusses how smaller firms or startups can utilize their networks to implement the Delphi technique without incurring high costs.

It’s noted that while agencies can provide this service, they often come at a premium price.

Company Ratings and Competitor Analysis

Companies are compared using ratings and scores, where each company receives a rating between 1 and 4 based on brand reputation.

A rating of 4 indicates excellent brand reputation, while lower ratings reflect varying degrees of weakness.

Customer Feedback Mechanism

Customer surveys are suggested as a means to gather data for determining company ratings effectively.

The process involves asking customers about market share perceptions to accurately assess competitive positioning.

Comparative Analysis Among Competitors

Emphasis is placed on comparing one's performance against competitors rather than industry averages; this provides more relevant insights into market standing.

The speaker highlights that understanding your position relative to competitors is crucial for strategic planning.

This structured approach allows for an organized understanding of critical success factors within the mobile industry while providing actionable insights through effective methodologies like the Delphi technique.

Understanding Product Ratings and Market Positioning

The Importance of Comparative Analysis in Ratings

Discusses the significance of comparing product ratings against competitors, emphasizing that a higher rating from a less reputable brand (like Samsung) can still be more valuable than a lower rating from a leading brand (like Apple).

Highlights the need for logical reasoning when assigning ratings, suggesting that arbitrary ratings without context or comparison to competitors are ineffective.

Questions the validity of claims regarding market leadership based solely on market share, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of performance metrics.

Methodology for Rating Products

Introduces the concept of multiplying weights by ratings to derive scores, stressing that these calculations should be based on prior analyses rather than random searches.

Emphasizes practical application over theoretical discussions, indicating that real-world examples will clarify how to implement these methodologies effectively.

Scoring and Performance Metrics

Explains how to calculate total scores for organizations by applying consistent weighting across various factors, which helps in assessing overall performance.

Identifies Company B as having the best performance score (2.94), raising questions about whether this score alone indicates market leadership.

Critical Success Factors in Market Introduction

Discusses critical success factors necessary for new entrants in the market and how they influence overall performance and market share.

Suggests that companies must focus on strengthening their critical success factors to improve their scores and competitive positioning.

Establishing Competitive Profiles

Advises selecting at least 11 critical success factors using expert techniques like Delphi method to ensure comprehensive evaluation.

Outlines the process of comparing companies based on established criteria while ensuring logical consistency in scoring.

Analyzing Strengths and Weaknesses

Clarifies that ratings should not be assigned randomly but should reflect comparisons with competitors' strengths and weaknesses.

Stresses the importance of calculating total scores accurately by multiplying initial weights with corresponding ratings to determine relative performance among competitors.

Conclusion: Understanding Market Leadership Dynamics

Concludes that high performance does not automatically equate to being a market leader; it is possible to excel without holding a dominant position in sales or market share.

Notes that while strong performance may correlate with higher chances of being a market leader, it is not guaranteed; other factors play significant roles in determining overall industry standing.

Understanding Competitive Profile Metrics

Importance of Competitive Profile Metrics (CPM)

The speaker emphasizes the significance of CPM, highlighting its ease of use and the benefits it provides in identifying which competitors perform better.

Findings from CPM allow businesses to understand their position relative to competitors, aiding strategic decision-making.

Methodology for Using CPM

The discussion includes how experts contribute to setting weights and ratings in the Delphi technique, enhancing accuracy in assessing company performance against competition.

The importance of using reliable metrics is stressed; certain factors like market share and sales influence cannot be manipulated easily.

Expert Involvement in Research

Engaging third-party experts is recommended for unbiased research outcomes, as internal biases can skew results.

The speaker notes that external experts provide a clearer perspective on industry dynamics compared to internal stakeholders who may have biases.

Cultural Considerations in Market Research

Cultural differences significantly impact consumer behavior; understanding local markets is crucial for effective marketing strategies.

Brand reputation varies by region; what works globally may not apply locally, necessitating tailored approaches based on regional insights.

Practical Application of CPM

The speaker shares personal experiences conducting market research in Iraq, emphasizing the need for deep cultural understanding before entering new markets.

A thorough analysis of competitors and market drivers is essential for successful strategy formulation; companies must adapt their approaches based on local behaviors.

Analyzing Competitors with Models

Overview of Competitive Analysis Models

The session transitions into discussing various models used for competitive analysis, starting with an introduction to environmental scanning techniques.

Critical Success Factors (CSFs)

Participants learn about identifying CSFs through Delphi techniques and assigning appropriate weights to each factor while ensuring they total one.

Scoring Competitors

Companies are scored based on their performance metrics derived from weighted ratings, allowing clear comparisons across different firms.

Introduction to Porter's Five Forces Model

The discussion introduces Porter's Five Forces model as a framework for analyzing competitive forces within an industry.

Understanding Porter's Five Forces Model

Overview of Porter's Five Forces

The reference to Porter’s model dates back to 1995, indicating its long-standing relevance in academic debates.

Emphasis on understanding the four key components required for applying Porter’s model effectively: naming the forces, assessing pressure levels, justifying assessments, and identifying opportunities.

Key Components of Analysis

The first step involves naming the competitive forces; clarity is essential to avoid confusion in analysis.

Discussion on competition highlights that it can be either high or low; justification for these assessments is crucial.

Justification and Opportunities

If competition is deemed high, it presents opportunities; conversely, low competition also offers unique advantages.

Importance of practical application alongside academic theory; students should focus on clear justifications rather than vague reasoning.

Common Mistakes in Application

A significant error noted is providing generic justifications without depth or relevance to specific industries.

Students often misinterpret the need for industry-specific insights versus personal opinions when analyzing market conditions.

Competition Dynamics

Understanding competition requires a nuanced approach; memorization of concepts without comprehension leads to errors.

The discussion emphasizes that all competitors must understand their relative positions within the industry context.

Market Share Insights

The concept of competitive advantage suggests that if one competitor excels in certain areas, overall competition increases as firms strive to outperform each other.

Loyalty within markets influences competitive dynamics significantly; brands with loyal customers face tougher competition due to higher stakes involved.

Relative Market Share Explained

Definition and differentiation between market share and relative market share are clarified; understanding both metrics is vital for strategic positioning.

Relative market share indicates how a firm compares against market leaders, which directly impacts competitive strategies and responses.

Understanding Market Competition and Barriers

The Nature of Competition in the Market

The speaker discusses the impossibility of being only partially competitive (70-90%) in a market, emphasizing that true competition requires full engagement.

Competitors are actively trying to reach their goals, which leads to real competition; companies must continuously strive to improve their market share.

The strategy involves aggressive moves every few years to significantly increase market share at the expense of competitors, illustrating a tactical approach to widen gaps in competition.

Market Dynamics and Leadership

Only market leaders can afford high-risk strategies that involve significant investments and costs, indicating a disparity between large players and smaller competitors.

Certain industries have high exit barriers, making it difficult for companies to leave the market once they enter due to regulatory requirements and investment commitments.

Understanding Exit Barriers

Exit barriers create challenges for businesses wanting to leave the market; these include government regulations and technological dependencies that complicate withdrawal.

Companies face substantial hurdles when attempting to exit markets with high entry barriers, leading them to remain even if they are not performing well.

Competitive Survival Strategies

In highly competitive environments with many players, survival becomes paramount; firms may resort to drastic measures like price cuts just to stay afloat.

This survival instinct can lead companies to engage in practices that ultimately harm overall market health but allow them to avoid immediate losses.

Implications of High Competition

When several competitors exit the market due to high barriers, remaining firms may benefit from redistributed market shares, reducing overall competition intensity.

Justifications for competitive behavior vary; understanding these rationales is crucial for analyzing industry dynamics effectively.

New Entrants and Market Entry Barriers

The concept of "new entrants" refers specifically to potential competitors entering an established market; assessing this risk is vital for existing players.

A low threat level from new entrants indicates strong barriers preventing easy access into the marketplace, which benefits current incumbents by limiting competition.

Evaluating Entry Barriers

Identifying entry barriers helps determine how easily new competitors can enter a given industry; fewer barriers suggest higher threats from potential entrants.

Understanding whether entry conditions are favorable or restrictive is essential for strategic planning within any business context.

This structured overview captures key insights regarding competition dynamics within markets as discussed in the transcript. Each point links back directly for further exploration.

Understanding Market Dynamics and Barriers to Entry

The Concept of Switching Costs

Discussion on the difficulty of entering a market due to potential competition, highlighting the fear of being outperformed by established players.

Introduction of "entry barriers," specifically mentioning switching costs as a significant factor that affects customer decisions when changing providers or products.

Explanation of switching costs as both financial and non-financial, emphasizing their impact on consumer behavior and market dynamics.

Financial vs. Non-Financial Switching Costs

Clarification that switching costs can be more than just monetary; they can include emotional or habitual attachments to brands.

Example provided about upgrading from one mobile brand to another, illustrating how price differences create switching costs for consumers.

Emphasis on the importance of understanding both types of switching costs in strategic business planning.

Consumer Perception and Learning Curve

Discussion on consumer perceptions regarding usability between different operating systems (iOS vs. Android), which can influence their willingness to switch brands.

Mention of training programs offered by retailers to reduce perceived switching costs for customers transitioning between platforms.

The Role of Substitutes in Market Competition

Definition of substitutes in the context of competition, explaining how they provide alternative options for consumers within different categories (e.g., coffee vs. tea).

Analysis of how substitutes can perform similarly but belong to different categories, affecting consumer choices based on performance and pricing.

Impact of Loyalty and Market Power

Examination of loyalty's role in determining the strength and availability of substitutes; lack thereof increases vulnerability to substitute products.

Insight into how low switching costs make it easier for consumers to transition between substitutes, thereby increasing competitive pressure among businesses.

Understanding Supplier Bargaining Power and Switching Costs

Supplier Bargaining Power

The speaker discusses the concept of supplier bargaining power, emphasizing that if there are many suppliers in the market, a company can easily switch suppliers without significant consequences.

If switching costs are low, it indicates that suppliers have less bargaining power. Conversely, high switching costs can trap companies with specific suppliers.

An example is given regarding CRM systems where high maintenance costs after initial purchase can lead to increased supplier power over time.

Switching Costs

The speaker explains that switching costs are the expenses incurred when changing from one supplier to another. High switching costs can limit a company's options and increase dependency on current suppliers.

Different types of integration (backward and forward) affect supplier bargaining power; backward integration reduces supplier power while forward integration may enhance it.

Types of Integration

Backward Integration

Backward integration occurs when a producer supplies its own materials or components, which diminishes the bargaining power of existing suppliers.

Forward Integration

Forward integration involves moving closer to the end customer in the supply chain, potentially increasing a company's control over pricing and reducing reliance on intermediaries.

Horizontal Integration

Horizontal integration refers to acquiring competitors within the same industry, which can consolidate market power but also requires careful strategic planning.

Market Dynamics and Buyer Power

The discussion highlights how backward integration decreases supplier bargaining power by replacing them in certain roles within the supply chain.

In contrast, forward integration increases buyer power as producers gain more control over distribution channels.

Customer Knowledge and Market Understanding

The importance of customer knowledge is emphasized; customers with higher market knowledge exert greater pressure on prices and demand better service.

A distinction is made between 'customers' who have limited knowledge about products versus 'clients' who possess extensive understanding—this affects their negotiating strength significantly.

Understanding Customer Perception and Market Dynamics

The Impact of Price on Customer Trust

Discusses the scenario where a customer is offered a machine for 30 million pounds, highlighting the shock and confusion that can arise from such high pricing.

Emphasizes that if customers perceive complexity in products alongside high prices, they may distrust sellers, leading them to seek cheaper alternatives.

Customer Loyalty and Bargaining Power

Explains how customer loyalty affects bargaining power; loyal customers are less likely to switch brands even when faced with dissatisfaction.

Argues that brand loyalty can create a false sense of security for companies, as it does not guarantee long-term customer retention.

Customization vs. Standardization

Differentiates between customized products (which reduce buyer's bargaining power due to their unique nature) and standardized products (which increase competition).

Highlights that customization often leads to higher costs for consumers, while standardization creates uniformity in pricing and product offerings.

Porter’s Five Forces Framework

Introduces the importance of understanding Porter’s Five Forces in analyzing market dynamics without rushing through the concepts.

Stresses the need for deep comprehension rather than rote memorization of competitive forces affecting market strategies.

The Role of Complementary Products

Defines complementary products as those sold separately but enhance each other's value; emphasizes their significance in market strategy.

Clarifies that for a product to be considered complementary, it must be available in the market independently, distinguishing it from promotional items.

This structured overview captures key insights from the transcript regarding customer perception, loyalty dynamics, product strategies, and market analysis frameworks. Each point is linked directly to its corresponding timestamp for easy reference.

Understanding Stakeholders and Analysis Errors

Common Mistakes in Stakeholder Analysis

The speaker emphasizes the importance of focusing on the primary stakeholders, specifically mentioning that the sixth force (complementary forces) should not be confused with essential ones.

A reference is made to "stakeholders" and their classification into internal and external categories, highlighting a previous discussion about the "Seven Markets Model."

It is clarified that all stakeholders are external except for specific internal ones like shareholders, stressing that one cannot arbitrarily categorize them in analyses.

The speaker argues against excluding important stakeholders such as shareholders and employees from external analysis, indicating this would lead to flawed conclusions.

A mistake noted involves misclassifying governance as a macro factor instead of micro, emphasizing proper categorization in analysis.

Exam Preparation Tips

The speaker advises against group studying due to potential collective cheating, suggesting students focus on individual preparation methods.

Reference is made to Porter’s Five Forces model as a critical framework for understanding market dynamics; students are encouraged to use it correctly.

Students are warned about common misconceptions regarding macro vs. micro factors in analysis, urging clarity in understanding these concepts.

Importance of Correct Analysis Tools

The speaker stresses using both PESTEL and Porter’s frameworks as foundational tools for environmental analysis; errors here can lead to incorrect assessments of external factors.

Clarification is provided on how qualitative data influences quantitative outcomes, reinforcing the need for accuracy in initial analyses.

Market Competition Insights

When analyzing competition within a market of 50 companies, it's suggested that only direct competitors (top five or ten closest rivals) should be considered for practical insights rather than attempting to analyze all companies indiscriminately.

Critical Success Factors Documentation

A document containing critical success factors across various industries will be shared with students to aid their understanding and preparation for exams. This resource aims to simplify access to necessary information without random selection.

This structured approach provides an organized overview of key discussions from the transcript while ensuring easy navigation through timestamps linked directly to relevant content.

Critical Success Factors in Project Management

Understanding Critical Success Factors

The speaker emphasizes the importance of quickly identifying relevant critical success factors (CSFs) in project management, particularly for those unfamiliar with Delphi techniques.

A structured approach is suggested where participants select CSFs from a predefined list to streamline their decision-making process.

The total weight of CSFs should equal one, with major and minor factors clearly defined to ensure clarity in evaluation.

Rating and Scoring Methodology

Participants are encouraged to rate their CSFs on a scale from one to four, distinguishing between major and minor factors for effective scoring.

The speaker clarifies that while templates exist for certain brands or methodologies, they should not be blindly followed without understanding the context of each factor.

Practical Application in Exams

The discussion highlights the need for logical reasoning when applying CSFs during exams, rather than relying solely on memorized templates or formulas.

A document containing all necessary CSFs will be provided to assist participants in their preparation and reduce time spent searching for information.

Project Preparation Strategies

Participants are advised to prepare templates ahead of time, ensuring they have all necessary data organized before starting projects or exams.

Emphasis is placed on individual responsibility; each participant must create their own tables and avoid plagiarism by sharing work.

Efficient Use of Time During Exams

The speaker stresses the importance of managing time effectively during exams by preparing tables beforehand instead of creating them under pressure.

Each participant should maintain a separate folder or file structure for easy access during assessments, facilitating smoother workflow and organization.

By following these guidelines, participants can enhance their project management skills and improve performance in examinations.