Valoración del adulto o adulto mayor mediante examen físico y signos vitales - USS

Demonstration of Physical Examination in a 79-Year-Old Patient

Introduction to the Examination

• The presenter, Darle Alejandra Don Delgado, introduces herself and the purpose of the video, which is to demonstrate a physical examination on a 79-year-old patient.

• This demonstration is part of a course focused on humanized care for adults, aiming to analyze signs and symptoms while establishing clinical judgments and diagnoses.

Mental State Assessment

• The first step involves assessing the patient's mental state by asking three questions to evaluate orientation in time, space, and person.

Vital Signs Measurement

• Before taking vital signs, proper hand hygiene is emphasized; alcohol gel is used for cleaning hands.

• The presenter explains the importance of informing the patient about the procedures being performed for better cooperation.

• Temperature measurement begins with ensuring it’s below 35 degrees Celsius before placing it in the axillary region. The patient's temperature recorded is 37 degrees Celsius.

Respiratory Rate and Blood Pressure

• The respiratory rate is measured next; factors like frequency, volume, rhythm, and ease are considered. The patient has 19 breaths per minute.

• Blood pressure measurement involves positioning a cuff above the elbow crease and using a stethoscope at the brachial artery to listen for systolic and diastolic pressures.

Additional Vital Signs

• After measuring blood pressure (120/60 mmHg), oxygen saturation is assessed; it shows 95% saturation with a heart rate of 23 beats per minute.

Physical Examination Techniques

• A thorough physical examination follows: palpation of bones with rotary movements assesses morphology while inspecting scalp for lesions or parasites.

Facial Inspection

• Observations include facial asymmetry, color variations, lesions or moles during inspection of hair and face.

Eye Examination

• Eyelids are inspected for color changes; conjunctivae are checked for hydration and lesions. Pupils' size symmetry and reflexes are also evaluated.

Nasal Inspection

• Nasal passages are examined for flaring or secretions regarding their color, quantity, and consistency.

Oral Cavity Evaluation

• Intraoral inspection includes checking lips, tongue, gums for color changes or bleeding.

Neck Assessment

• Asymmetry in neck structures is noted along with any pigmentation changes or masses present.

Abdominal Examination

• For abdominal assessment: skin color/hydration/pigmentation/lesions/scars/striae are observed while noting distension or hernias if visible.

Extremities Check

• Extremities undergo evaluation focusing on size/symmetry/tremors as well as skin temperature/color/pigmentation/nail integrity including capillary refill time.

Conclusion on Importance of Physical Exam

The physical examination process outlined emphasizes its critical role in managing patient health effectively through systematic assessment techniques.