Centríolos, centrossomo, cílios e flagelos - Aula 22 - Módulo 1: Biologia celular

New Section

In this section, the speaker introduces a case study involving an X-ray image showing an unusual orientation of the heart, leading to a discussion on Cartagena syndrome and its implications.

Understanding Cartagena Syndrome

• Cartagena syndrome causes functional problems related to cilia and flagella development.

• Individuals with this syndrome have immotile sperm due to the lack of functioning cilia.

• The absence of functional cilia can result in organ misplacement, such as the heart on the right side and liver on the left side.

New Section

This part focuses on cellular biology topics like centrioles, centrosomes, cilia, and flagella.

Centrioles and Centrosomes

• Centrioles are composed of two structures positioned opposite to the nucleus.

• Centrioles consist of smaller tubes that form a classic structure in biology materials.

Understanding Centrosomes

• The centrosome is not an organelle but a region filled with protein filaments where centrioles are located.

• The pericentriolar region around centrioles contains ribosomes synthesizing proteins and serves as a microtubule formation site.

Functions of Centrioles

• Centrioles play a crucial role in cell division by aiding in chromosome organization during metaphase.

• Each centriole comprises nine triplets of microtubules essential for cellular processes like division.

New Section

This segment explores how centrioles contribute to forming cilia and flagella, emphasizing their roles in cellular movement.

Cilia and Flagella Formation

• Cilia and flagella are structures involved in cellular movement, seen in organisms like protozoa or human cells like nasal cavity cells.

Importance of Cilia and Flagella

Detailed Overview of Cilia and Flagella Structure

In this section, the lecturer discusses the structure and function of cilia and flagella in various organisms, emphasizing their role in cellular movement and transport processes.

Cilia and Flagella Structure

• Cilia play a crucial role in cellular displacement, such as in ciliated protozoa. They also aid in moving compounds within a woman's uterine tubes.

• The cilia present in a woman's uterine tubes help propel the ovum from the ovary towards the uterus, facilitating embryo formation post-fertilization.

• Failure to form cilia properly due to certain syndromes can lead to disruptions in overall body organization, affecting functions like nasal mucus movement and egg transportation.

• The structure of a cilium or flagellum includes a basal body formed from centrioles. This basal body anchors inside the cell while projecting an axoneme outside for cilium or flagellum extension.

• The axoneme of a cilium or flagellum consists of nine peripheral doublets and one central doublet arrangement. Understanding this structural composition is essential for grasping their functional mechanisms.