2.2 CÉLULAS DEL SISTEMA INMUNITARIO Y DIFERENCIACIÓN CELULAR

Introduction to Cell Types of Immune System

In this section, the speaker introduces and discusses different cell types involved in the immune system.

Differentiation of Immune Cells

• Some cells group based on structural or functional reasons.

• Cells with phagocytic capacity include lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils.

• Antigen-presenting cells are a subset of phagocytic cells and include B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages.

• Granulocytic cells like neutrophils have distinct characteristics such as lobulated nuclei and abundant granules.

Neutrophils

• Neutrophils have multilobulated nuclei and abundant granules in their cytoplasm.

• They are also known as polymorphonuclear due to variations in their nuclei.

Eosinophils

• Eosinophils have a single lobed nucleus with crystal-containing granules.

• They play a role in allergic responses.

Basophils and Mast Cells: Specialized Immune Cells

This section delves into basophils and mast cells' characteristics and functions within the immune system.

Basophils

• Basophils have lobulated nuclei with numerous granules containing substances like histamine.

• Their function involves mediating allergic reactions through antibody anchoring.

Mast Cells

• Mast cells differ from basophils by residing in connective tissues rather than blood.

Detailed Comparison of Basophils and Mast Cells

This section delves into the distinctions between basophils and mast cells, highlighting differences in distribution, granule content, cell surface characteristics, nucleus morphology, and granule size.

Distribution and Characteristics

• Basophils are blood cells, while mast cells reside in connective tissue and mucous membranes.

Granule Content and Cell Surface

• Basophils' granules contain glucogen, whereas mast cells lack it.

• The cell surface of basophils is flat like a vasofil; however, mast cells exhibit microvilli.

Nucleus Morphology and Granule Size

• Basophils may have a lobulated nucleus, while mast cells possess a simple nucleus.

• Basophil granules are few but large in size; conversely, mast cell granules are numerous but smaller.

Summary of Cell Types and Morphological Comparisons

This segment summarizes information on myeloid cell origins, morphological groupings, neutrophil morphology images, eosinophil morphology images, basophil morphology images, mast cell morphology images. It concludes with a comparison between basophils and mast cells to emphasize their distinct lineages.

Recap of Myeloid Cells

• Discussion on the origin and morphological groupings of various myeloid cells.

Neutrophil Morphology Images

• Examination of neutrophil morphology through visual aids.

Eosinophil Morphology Images

• Visual representation showcasing eosinophil morphology details.

Basophil Morphology Images

• Detailed exploration of basophil morphology using visual references.

Mast Cell Morphology Images

• Insightful visuals depicting the morphology of mast cells for better understanding.