Francisco Pizarro y los 3 viajes en la conquista del Perú⚔️

Pizarro's Three Trips to Conquer Peru

This section provides an overview of Francisco Pizarro's three trips to conquer and colonize Peru, which were aimed at defeating the Inca Empire.

First Trip (1524-1525)

• Pizarro organized a conquest expedition to discover the mythical indigenous kingdom in Peru.

• The first trip ended in failure due to lack of supplies and resistance from the natives.

• Pizarro's partners, Diego de Almagro and Hernando de Luque, did not accompany him on this trip.

Second Voyage (1526-1528)

• After their first failure, it took two years for Pizarro and his partners to obtain permission for a second expedition.

• The second voyage started with 160 expeditionaries heading towards the San Juan River.

• Diseases, alligators, and discontent among the crew caused difficulties during the journey.

Third Trip (1531 onwards)

• The third trip began in 1531 with the goal of defeating the Inca Empire.

• Pizarro successfully conquered Peru without much resistance.

• On November 15, 1533, he entered Cuzco and completed the conquest of Peru.

Challenges Faced During Expeditions

This section highlights some of the challenges faced by Pizarro and his men during their expeditions to conquer Peru.

Lack of Supplies

• During their first trip, supplies ran out on the Colombian coast, causing starvation among expedition members.

Resistance from Natives

• Both Pizarro and Almagro encountered violent resistance from native populations at Fortín de Cacique and Pueblo Quemado.

Discontent Among Crew

• Diseases, alligators, and deaths of expedition members led to discontent among the crew.

• Some crew members expressed a desire to return to Panama during the journey.

Meeting in Chochama and Second Voyage

This section focuses on the meeting between Pizarro and Almagro in Chochama and their second voyage.

Meeting in Chochama

• Pizarro and Almagro met in Chochama after their first failed expedition.

• They promised to prepare a new expedition together.

Second Voyage Preparation

• It took two years to obtain permission for a second expedition.

• Pizarro left first with 50 men, followed by Almagro with reinforcements.

• The second voyage began in early 1525, heading towards the San Juan River.

Conclusion

These notes provide an overview of Francisco Pizarro's three trips to conquer Peru. They highlight the challenges faced during the expeditions, including lack of supplies, resistance from natives, and discontent among the crew. The section also covers the meeting between Pizarro and Almagro in Chochama and their second voyage.

The Thirteen of the Rooster or the Thirteen of Fame

This section describes the expedition's journey to the Gallo Islands and the tensions that arose between Pizarro and Almagro. It also mentions some discontent among the crew members.

• Pizarro and Almagro started to argue, even drawing their swords, but were stopped by calmer crew members.

• Some crew members died from diseases, causing tension to rise.

• Pizarro and Almagro decided to rest in a peaceful place called the Gallo Islands.

• Almagro returned to Panama to recruit more crew members, while some discontented men left with him.

• One of these men sent a message to the new governor expressing their dissatisfaction.

Pizarro's Ultimatum

This section highlights an incident where Pizarro drew a line in the sand and gave his men a choice to either return to poverty in Panama or stay with him for potential riches.

• When a ship arrived at the island, Pizarro became furious upon seeing it and drew a line in the sand with his sword.

• He asked his men who wanted to return to Panama and live in poverty to stand on one side of the line, while those who wanted to stay with him and seek wealth should stand on his side.

• Only thirteen men chose to stay with Pizarro, becoming known as "the Thirteen of the Gallo Island."

Discovery of an Inca City

This section discusses how after six months of waiting, Ruiz joined Pizarro with reinforcements. The expedition continued its journey and discovered Tumbes, an important Inca city.

• After waiting for six months, pilot Ruiz arrived with reinforcements sent by Almagro.

• The expedition resumed and reached the island of Santa Clara before arriving at Tumbes, where they encountered the first significant Inca city.

• The sight of the city's walls, fortresses, and stone temples convinced them that they had found a rich culture.

• They continued their journey southward, encountering other indigenous villages along the way.

Pizarro's Return to Panama

This section mentions Pizarro's decision to return to Panama to report his findings and prepare for a new expedition. He also aimed to negotiate with the Crown of Castile for rights and rewards if he conquered these lands.

• Despite finding other indigenous settlements, Pizarro decided to return to Panama.

• His goal was to inform the governor about their discoveries and prepare for a new expedition.

• Additionally, Pizarro wanted to negotiate with the Crown of Castile regarding potential rewards and positions in the conquered territories.

Capitulation of Toledo

This section describes how Pizarro traveled to Spain to negotiate with the Crown of Castile. The negotiations resulted in the Capitulation of Toledo, granting Pizarro governance over Peru upon its conquest.

• Pizarro went to Spain seeking an agreement that would secure him and his partners' rights to exploit any discovered riches.

• He also aimed for positions of power in the conquered lands.

• The negotiations concluded with the signing of the Capitulation of Toledo, granting Pizarro governance over Peru upon its conquest.

• The agreement included economic benefits for both Pizarro and his partners but favored him more, leading to disputes among conquistadors.

Third Voyage Begins

This section discusses Pizarro's preparations for a new expedition and the start of his third and final voyage to Peru.

• Before preparing for the new journey, Pizarro traveled to Spain to negotiate with the Crown.

• His intention was to secure an agreement that would guarantee him and his partners' access to the discovered riches.

• After gathering materials and recruiting men, Pizarro returned to America in 1530.

• The newly hired men received eight months of military training.

Journey Continues

This section describes the beginning of Pizarro's third voyage, which involved both sea and land travel. They faced challenges along the way but eventually reached Tumbes.

• The third voyage began in early 1531 with two ships carrying 180 men, horses, slaves, and indigenous translators.

• They sailed only until reaching San Mateo Bay before continuing their journey on land while closely followed by the ships.

• Some crew members had to be replaced due to illness, specifically "the disease of warts."

• Their next destination was Tumbes, where they found a city that had been damaged during an attack by Inca Atahualpa.

Foundation of San Miguel de Piura

This section mentions how Pizarro founded the first Spanish city in Peru called San Miguel de Piura. It also highlights the weakened state of the Inca Empire at that time.

• On August 15, 1532, Pizarro founded San Miguel de Piura as the first Spanish city in Peru.

• The arrival of Pizarro occurred during a vulnerable period for the Inca Empire after a civil war between Atahualpa and his brother Huascar.

• The empire's forces were weakened, making it difficult for them to resist the Spanish conquistadors.

Defeat of the Inca

This section describes Pizarro's arrival in Cajamarca, where he demanded Atahualpa's conversion to Christianity and payment of tribute. When Atahualpa refused, the Spanish troops attacked.

• Pizarro received information about Inca Atahualpa's presence in Cajamarca and went there.

• He requested a meeting with Atahualpa and demanded his conversion to Christianity and payment of tribute to the King of Castile.

• When Atahualpa refused, the Spanish troops attacked, shouting "Santiago!"