Topic 3 Part 4: Data Storage

Types of Storage

Primary and Secondary Storage

• There are two main types of storage: primary storage, which is volatile, and secondary storage, which is non-volatile. Primary storage is typically found on the motherboard or within laptops.

• To use primary storage (like RAM), one must have a CPU or laptop present. In contrast, secondary storage can be easily transported and managed.

Characteristics of Storage Types

• Secondary storage involves two processes: writing and reading information. Reading retrieves stored data while writing saves new data.

• Memory types include program memory categorized under PR memory. RAM (Random Access Memory) is crucial for speed in accessing data from hard disks; higher RAM leads to faster performance.

Memory Types

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

• ROM stands for Read Only Memory, located on the motherboard, used to store permanent instructions or data.

• EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) can be erased and reused multiple times using ultraviolet light.

Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM

• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) allows erasure through electrical signals, enabling reprogramming based on keyboard commands.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Characteristics of RAM

• RAM serves as temporary storage that users can read from or write to; it holds programs and user data but is unstable and prone to loss when power is off.

• Upgrading RAM improves performance; however, it often requires technical service due to its placement within the motherboard.

Types of RAM

• Different types of RAM exist; DRAM needs refreshing regularly and tends to be slower compared to other forms.

• SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) synchronizes with CPU timing, enhancing instruction processing capabilities during operation.