DUKE ELLINGTON PART ONE (Grace and humility) / Jazz History #21
Duke Ellington: The Jazz Legend
Introduction to Duke Ellington's Influence
- Duke Ellington is recognized as one of the most significant jazz composers and influential musicians of the 20th century, comparable to Louis Armstrong.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
- Duke led his first band at age 17 and maintained a leadership role until the mid-1970s, showcasing his long-standing influence in jazz music.
- His composition "Sophisticated Lady" reflects his articulate and gracious personality; he was raised with strong values of respect and heritage by his middle-class family in Washington, D.C.
Nickname Origin and Initial Musical Pursuits
- The nickname "Duke" was given by a friend who believed it befitted Ellington's cultured demeanor. He began piano lessons but initially preferred baseball over music.
- Inspired by ragtime music heard in local venues, he composed "Soda Fountain Rag" at age 14 and formed his first band, the Duke's Serenaders, in 1917.
Entrepreneurial Spirit and Move to New York
- In addition to leading bands, Duke had a sign painting business that he cleverly used to promote both his band performances and sign services.
- After moving to New York around 1920, he took over leadership of the Washingtonians, which evolved into the renowned Duke Ellington Orchestra.
Breakthrough at the Cotton Club
- His major breakthrough came when selected to perform at the Cotton Club for four years; this residency significantly increased his fame beyond Harlem.
Challenges Faced in Harlem Nightlife
- The nightlife scene in Harlem was controlled by white gangsters who excluded black patrons while attracting white audiences with illicit liquor.
Auditioning for Success
- During an audition process where they arrived late but still secured a job due to luck, their persistence paid off as they ended up performing successfully for five years at the Cotton Club.
Cultural Reflections on Performance Audience
- Despite being an all-black show featuring talented performers, only white audiences attended. This raised questions about racial dynamics within entertainment during that era.