UD4 Normas de PRL y protección ambiental 1

Normas de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales y Protección Ambiental

Introducción al Tema

• Se inicia el tema 4 sobre normas de prevención de riesgos laborales y protección ambiental, enfocándose en la seguridad en el puesto de trabajo.

• Se abordarán las precauciones necesarias para evitar lesiones y accidentes durante actividades laborales, especialmente en el montaje y mantenimiento de equipos.

Normativa y Seguridad

• Existe una normativa que proporciona instrucciones obligatorias establecidas por las autoridades para garantizar la seguridad laboral.

• Además de la seguridad, se discutirá la gestión adecuada de elementos contaminantes generados durante las actividades laborales.

Definición del Puesto de Trabajo

• El puesto de trabajo se define como el lugar donde se desarrolla la actividad laboral, incluyendo tanto el espacio físico como las acciones realizadas por los trabajadores.

• Ejemplos incluyen talleres, mesas de trabajo e instalaciones que deben considerar factores ambientales como temperatura y humedad.

Factores Ambientales en el Trabajo

• Los factores ambientales pueden influir en la salud y rendimiento laboral; los principales son iluminación, ventilación, temperatura y ruido.

Iluminación

• Se recomienda utilizar luz natural regulada para evitar cambios bruscos o deslumbramientos que afecten a los trabajadores.

• Es preferible usar monitores con pantallas mate para minimizar reflejos molestos.

Ventilación

• La ventilación debe ser natural para mejorar la calidad del aire; sin embargo, hay que evitar corrientes directas que puedan resultar incómodas o perjudiciales.

Temperatura y Humedad

• Las temperaturas extremas afectan la concentración; se sugiere mantener un rango entre 18 a 23 grados Celsius.

• La humedad también es importante ya que puede afectar tanto a los trabajadores como a los equipos electrónicos utilizados.

Ruido y Vibraciones

Understanding Environmental Noise and Its Impact on Workplace Health

The Origin of Noise and Indoor Air Quality

• It is essential to identify the source of continuous noise in the workplace to mitigate its effects. Understanding whether we can avoid or act upon these sources is crucial for maintaining a healthy environment.

• Factors affecting indoor air quality include chemical, physical, and biological aspects. High CO2 concentrations can occur in poorly ventilated spaces with many people, impacting health.

Electromagnetic Radiation Concerns

• The use of electronic devices introduces electromagnetic radiation into the environment. Excessive exposure can have harmful effects, particularly from high-energy ionizing radiation.

• Ionizing radiation includes X-rays and ultraviolet rays, which should be minimized to protect workers' health.

Biological Hazards in the Workplace

• Pathogens such as viruses and bacteria present in the work environment must be monitored as they pose significant health risks to employees.

Temperature and Humidity Effects on Equipment

• High temperatures affect electronic equipment performance due to heat generated by electrical activity (Joule effect), necessitating efficient cooling systems.

• Maintaining optimal ambient temperature is vital; excessive heat forces cooling fans to work harder, leading to potential system failures.

Managing Humidity Levels

• Humidity refers to water vapor in the air, which influences static electricity accumulation. A balanced humidity level helps prevent static discharge that can damage electronics.

• Low humidity increases static electricity risk while excessively high humidity can lead to moisture-related issues like short circuits in electronic devices.

Legal Framework for Workplace Safety

Overview of Risk Prevention Legislation

• There exists legislation aimed at ensuring safety and health at work through risk prevention measures. This framework supports protecting workplaces from accidents or injuries during daily activities.

Key Legislative Reference: Law 31/1995

• The foundational law for occupational risk prevention in Spain is Law 31/1995, established on November 12th. It serves as a basic guideline for workplace safety protocols.

Implementation of Regulations

• Following this law are various decrees and regulations that detail specific procedures for maintaining safe working conditions regarding environmental factors.

Importance of Compliance

Overview of Workplace Safety Regulations

Key Directives and Recommendations

• The speaker discusses the importance of directives, particularly Directive 89/39/EEC, which provides fundamental guidelines for workplace safety and risk prevention.

• Regulations are described as more specific norms tailored to occupational risk prevention, such as the regulation on thermal installations in buildings that offers concrete recommendations.

Framework of Safety Norms

• Directives set a general framework for safety regulations, while specific regulations serve as manuals detailing how to organize work and ensure compliance with safety standards.

• Two main institutions oversee compliance with these safety regulations: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (INSHT) at the national level and the Valencian Institute for Safety and Health at Work (INVASSAT) at the regional level.

Compliance and Resources