TEORÍA DEL PROCESAMIENTO DE LA INFORMACIÓN

Understanding Information Processing Theory

Overview of Information Processing Theory

• The foundation of this theory compares the human brain and its functions to computer software, emphasizing cognitive processes over behaviorism.

• It highlights the significance of internal cognitive processes in learning, contrasting with behaviorist approaches.

Key Components of Information Processing

• Atkinson and Shiffrin propose three essential components for understanding this theory:

• Sensory Register: Involves perception and memory registration of stimuli through senses.

• Short-Term Memory (Working Memory): Responsible for retaining information briefly before it transitions to long-term storage.

• Long-Term Memory: Stores information for extended periods, allowing retrieval when necessary.

Learning Process Model

• The current model emphasizes several critical steps in the learning process:

• Attention: A basic psychological process that selects which stimuli require concentration.

• Encoding: Organizing selected information into existing mental frameworks or creating new ones.

• Storage: Involves maintaining organized and encoded information in long-term memory for future retrieval.

• Retrieval: Accessing stored information from long-term memory back to short-term memory when needed.

Application in Education

• The theory is applied through strategies that help students achieve expected learning outcomes by considering their prior knowledge.

• Understanding whether students can easily integrate new information into existing schemas or need to construct new ones is crucial for effective teaching methods.