Juan Luis Lorda. Curso de Antropología 2. Esquema de la historia de la Antropología

Introduction to Anthropology

In this section, the speaker introduces the topic of anthropology and its historical development. The focus is on the philosophical aspect of anthropology and how different scholars have contributed to understanding the human experience.

History of Anthropology

• Aristotle's Contribution:

• Aristotle is considered the founder of anthropology.

• He developed a comprehensive understanding of human nature in his book "De Anima" (On the Soul).

• Aristotle categorized different types of souls or principles vital to living beings, including vegetative, sensitive, and rational souls.

• Commentators on Aristotle:

• Avicenna (9th century): A Muslim scholar who provided a detailed commentary on Aristotle's "De Anima," influencing medieval scholasticism.

• Thomas Aquinas (13th century): A Christian theologian who extensively commented on "De Anima" and incorporated its ideas into his systematic theological work.

• Francisco Suarez (16th century): A Jesuit philosopher who further organized and systematized Aristotle's ideas in his commentary on "De Anima."

Development of Rational Psychology

• Christian Wolff (18th century):

• Wolff was a German Protestant philosopher known for his systematic approach to philosophy.

• He edited a book called "Rational Psychology" as part of his philosophy course, which delved into various aspects of human consciousness.

• Franz Brentano (19th century):

• Brentano was an Austrian philosopher associated with phenomenology.

• His work focused on empirical psychology, studying various phenomena related to human experience.

• Conclusion:

• The development of rational psychology continued until the 20th century, with various philosophers contributing to its understanding.

• Notable figures include Brentano and his influence on phenomenology.

The summary is based on the provided transcript and may not capture all the details from the video.

Anthropology Philosophical Overview

This section provides an overview of the field of philosophical anthropology, its historical development, and key influences.

Historical Development of Philosophical Anthropology

• Aristotle's treatise on the soul and rational psychology laid the foundation for philosophical anthropology.

• Commentaries by scholars such as St. Thomas Aquinas and Suarez further contributed to the development of this discipline.

• The systematic work by Wolf introduced the term "rational psychology" to describe this discipline.

• In the 20th century, Brentano's influence and Max Scheler's ideas shaped what is now known as philosophical anthropology.

Scope of Philosophical Anthropology

• Philosophical anthropology encompasses various aspects of human existence beyond its core focus on the soul and rational psychology.

• Other disciplines like economics, aesthetics, and morality also touch upon fundamental human phenomena that are relevant to philosophical anthropology.

• Fields such as theory of knowledge, experimental psychology, and artificial intelligence have also influenced or intersected with philosophical anthropology.