IoT Full Course - Learn IoT In 4 Hours | Internet Of Things | IoT Tutorial For Beginners | Edureka

Introduction to IoT

In this section, the speaker introduces the concept of IoT and its fundamental concepts.

What is IoT?

• IoT is a platform that connects everyday things embedded with electronics, software or sensors to the internet.

• These things can be anything and nothing, such as locks, ACs, lights, cars etc.

• The platform enables us to collect and exchange data between these connected things.

• Real-world implications of IoT include unlocking doors based on mobile location and setting preferred temperature at home.

Agenda for Today

In this section, the speaker outlines the agenda for today's session.

Topics Covered

• Introduction to IoT

• Raspberry Pi

• Top 7 projects in IoT

• IoT devices

• Practical applications of IoT in various domains

• Career opportunities in IoT

Raspberry Pi

In this section, the speaker discusses Raspberry Pi and its hardware specifications.

Why use Raspberry Pi?

• It is a low-cost computer that can be used for various purposes.

Hardware Specifications

-[](0:46:57.5 t = 279.5 s ) It has a quad-core processor with 1GB RAM.

-[](0:47:03.2 t = 285.2 s ) It has HDMI output and USB ports for connectivity.

-[](0:47:08.8 t = 290.8 s ) It also has GPIO pins for connecting sensors and other devices.

Installation of Raspberry Pi

• The speaker discusses the installation process of Raspberry Pi in this section.

Top 7 Projects in IoT

In this section, the speaker talks about the best projects in IoT.

Best Projects

• The speaker discusses some of the best projects found in IoT.

IoT Devices

In this section, the speaker talks about various devices that came into inception after the concept of IoT was introduced.

Various Devices

• The speaker discusses various devices that were developed after the introduction of IoT.

Practical Applications of IoT

In this section, the speaker talks about practical applications of IoT in various domains such as healthcare, security, traffic governance etc.

Domains

• The speaker discusses practical applications of IoT in various domains such as healthcare, security and traffic governance.

Career Opportunities in IoT

In this section, the speaker talks about career opportunities in IoT.

Job Market

• The speaker discusses job market opportunities for those interested in pursuing a career in IoT.

Why we need Internet of Things

In this section, the speaker explains why we need the Internet of Things (IoT) and gives an example of a patient on life-support whose status is being monitored by a health monitoring system connected to a hospital.

Example of IoT in Healthcare

• A patient on constant life-support has their status checked by a health monitoring system connected to the cloud.

• If there is an issue with the patient's health, such as an irregular heartbeat or low blood pressure, the information is passed on to the hospital.

• The hospital receives complete details about the patient's condition and can dispatch an ambulance immediately if necessary.

• Doctors have access to the complete history and current condition of the patient, which reduces effort and time involved in emergency situations.

Benefits of IoT

In this section, the speaker discusses various benefits of IoT platforms.

Efficient Resource Utilization

• An IoT platform can efficiently utilize available resources such as monetary or natural resources.

Minimizes Human Effort

• An IoT platform minimizes human effort involved in interacting with smart systems that are capable of filtering data and performing tasks without human intervention.

Saves Time

• Any benefit of IoT will help save time. Efficient resource utilization and minimizing human effort both contribute to saving time.

Personalization with AI

• An artificial intelligence platform can manage and maintain an IoT system while also providing personalization and a human touch.

Overview of Internet of Things

In this section, the speaker provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its potential to help other technologies reach their full potential.

Three Aspects of IoT

• There are three main aspects to IoT: connect, analyze, and integrate.

• The first aspect is connect, which involves ensuring connectivity between all necessary things to the IoT platform.

• The second aspect is analyze, which involves collecting and analyzing data generated by IoT devices to build a business intelligence solution.

• The third aspect is integrate, which involves integrating IoT with various models to improve user experience.

Connect Aspect

• The first stage of connect is device virtualization, which standardizes integration of devices with the enterprise platform.

• High-speed messaging is also important for reliable communication between devices and platforms.

• Endpoint management helps identify from which device data is coming and how it should be processed.

Analyze Aspect

• Data preprocessing is important for analysis when data isn't coming in real-time.

Conclusion

In this section, the speaker concludes by summarizing the importance of IoT in helping other technologies reach their full potential.

Importance of IoT

• Overall, IoT has great potential to help other technologies reach their true potential through its ability to connect devices and collect and analyze data.

Data Enrichment Process

In this section, the speaker explains how to identify contextually important information from raw data and generate composite streams of information for future analysis. The speaker also discusses how enriched data can be used for better insights and analysis.

Identifying Contextually Important Information

• Raw data is streamed from various sources.

• Contextually important information needs to be identified.

• Irrelevant information can be removed.

• Composite streams of information can be generated.

Using Enriched Data

• Enriched data helps in better insights and analysis.

• Big data is generated when data comes from different sources over a period of time.

Enterprise Connectivity

In this section, the speaker talks about enterprise connectivity and how it can make processes easier. The speaker also explains how communication happens through REST API and the importance of command and control in IoT systems.

Connecting with Service Providers

• Enterprise connectivity makes processes easier.

• Corresponding service providers can be contacted in case of issues.

• Communication happens through REST API.

Command and Control

• Command and control are essential for IoT systems.

• Voice-based recognition or mobile applications can be used for command and control.

IoT Ecosystem

In this section, the speaker talks about the IoT ecosystem and its architecture. The speaker explains the three-level and five-level architecture of the IoT ecosystem.

Three-Level Architecture

• Perception layer gathers information from sensors.

• Network layer transfers data from sensors to application layer.

• Application layer delivers information to end-users.

Five-Level Architecture

• Similar to three-level architecture with additional transport, processing, and business layers.

Understanding Cloud and Fog Computing

In this section, the speaker explains how cloud and fog computing work together to deliver superior services to end-users. The business layer is responsible for monitoring the complete functioning of these parts.

Business Layer

• The business layer monitors the complete functioning of different devices in a large-scale environment.

• It helps reach out to the closest customer care center in case of any issues.

• This can be divided into two segments: cloud computing-based processing and fog computing for immediate response.

Fog Computing

• Fog computing represents a layered approach that includes monitoring, pre-processing, storage with security layers between physical and transport layers.

• Pre-processing and storage happen on the Gateway level itself, making it faster than cloud computing.

• Security plays an important role in fog computing as well.

Monitoring Layer

• The monitoring layer monitors power consumption, resources, response time, and services running on these resources.

• Filtering, processing, and analytics are applied to understand necessary information from thousands of sensors used in real-world environments.

Temporary Storage Area

• Temporary storage area stores relevant information like creating a route for an ambulance that needs to be used in future scenarios.

• Pushing it onto the next transport layer sends it to any other storage system that has part of my environment.

Overall, understanding how cloud and fog computing work together can help deliver superior services while ensuring security.

Edge Computing System

In this section, the speaker talks about an edge computing system and its variation.

Edge Computing System

• An edge computing system is a variation of a computing system where operations are performed on individual sensors rather than on the gateway after gathering information.

• The edges become points for performing operations on the data collected.

Taxonomy Associated with Internet of Things

In this section, the speaker discusses various taxonomies associated with internet of things.

Key Layers in Most Architectures

• Perception layer: This is where information is gathered from various sensors or used as part of the system.

• Processing layer: Filtration, summarization, and analytics are performed before sending relevant data to the system above it.

• Communication layer: Protocols and standards are defined along with the medium through which information has to be passed from sensors to main systems.

• Middleware: It creates an abstraction and makes systems work smoother.

• Application layer: Various applications help improve user experience and provide more accuracy and efficiency to available information.

Perception Layer

In this section, the speaker talks about context awareness being important in IoT and how sensors play a crucial role in achieving that.

Sensors in IoT

• Context awareness is essential for IoT, which is impossible without using sensors.

• Sensors are small in size, cost little money, consume very little power but have constraints such as battery capacity and ease of deployment.

• Various types of sensors include location sensor, movement sensor, camera (which acts as another sensor), microphone, light sensor etc.

• Other types of sensors include neural sensors medical sensors like fitness bands, healthcare bands for heart patients, environmental sensors that check temperatures and chemical or biosensors.

RFID Technologies

In this section, the speaker talks about RFID technologies and how they are used in various applications.

RFID Technologies

• RFID stands for radio frequency identification. It does not require a line of sight communication between tags and readers.

• There are two types of RFID: active and passive.

• Near and far RFID readers use different technologies to identify tags.

• Other important aspects of the perception layer include actuators which can affect change in the environment by converting energy into another form.

Challenges of Cloud Computing in IoT

In this section, the speaker discusses the challenges of cloud computing in IoT and how smart gateways can help overcome these challenges.

Mobility as a Challenge

• Sensors on devices in constant motion pose a challenge for passing information continuously to the cloud environment.

• This causes latency and early 10C with respect to real-time processing of information.

• Smart gateways can help process data on real-time and filter data based on priority or requirement.

Scaling Up

• Cloud computing system needs to scale up when using multiple sensors or devices.

• Smart city systems may have hundreds of thousands or millions of sensors, making it challenging for cloud computing systems to process data in real-time.

Pre-processing Layer

• Smart gateways create a local copy of necessary information, reducing latency and making pre-processing layer efficient and effective.

• Information is processed at the gateway level itself, leading to low latency.

Communication Layer

• Communication layer should address identifying each device sending information, communication back to that device, low power consumption, use of various protocols requiring low memory, fast and seamless transmission.

• Near field communication (NFC), short-range wireless communication technology used by mobile phones for interaction with each other over a few centimeters distance.

NFC Technology in IoT

In this section, the speaker discusses the use of NFC technology in IoT.

Near Field Communication (NFC)

• Short-range wireless communication technology used by mobile phones for interaction with each other over a few centimeters distance.

• NFC can be used to transmit all types of data.

RFID and WSN Integration for Smart Objects

In this section, the speaker discusses how data from a single sensor is not useful for monitoring large areas and complex activities. They explain that various sensor nodes need to interact with each other wirelessly in a wireless sensor network (WSN). The speaker also talks about the different communication protocols used in IoT devices.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

• Various sensor nodes are needed to monitor large areas and complex activities.

• A wireless sensor network consists of many sensor nodes connected using wireless technology.

• Sensor nodes collect data about the environment and communicate it to the gateway, which relays information to the cloud infrastructure over the internet.

IoT Network Protocol

• IP protocols can only be used for communication of close to 20,000 devices.

• Low-power IPv6 is used for these networks' communication, which helps pass information from sensors onto processing or cloud infrastructure.

• Bluetooth low energy (BLE), Wi-Fi Halo, and Zigbee are low-energy technologies used in IoT applications.

Communication Protocols

BLE

• BLE has a shorter range for communication and consumes lower energy than classic Bluetooth technology.

• The physical and link layer are implemented in the controller, while upper layers' functionality is included in the host.

Wi-Fi Halo

• Wi-Fi Halo consumes very little power compared to standard Wi-Fi devices and has a longer range.

• Any device that supports Wi-Fi also supports IP connectivity, which is essential for an IoT application.

Zigbee

• Zigbee is used mostly in personal area networks (PAN), and the range for zigbee devices to communicate is very small.

• The network layer, which is part of the zigbee, provides for multi-hopping routing.

Middleware Segment

In this section, the speaker discusses the middleware segment's key challenges and issues. They explain that interoperability and program abstraction are essential when dealing with multiple devices communicating with each other.

Interoperability

• Interoperability and program abstraction are essential when dealing with multiple devices communicating with each other.

• Multiple devices need to be independently discoverable, and I can manage each of them.

Conclusion

The speaker explains how communication is essential for IoT architecture and the various ways to implement communication between devices. They also discuss the middleware segment's importance in ensuring interoperability between different devices.

IoT Architecture and Raspberry Pi

In this section, the speaker discusses the three layers of IoT architecture and introduces Raspberry Pi as a credit card-sized computer designed to teach young people how to program.

Three Layers of IoT Architecture

• Middleware layer allows for big data analytics, security, privacy, communication with cloud computing, and context detection.

• When selecting middleware for your architecture, consider the specifications of the application such as database orientation, semantics, events processing capabilities, and service processing.

• Application layer is what end-users interact with and can be used in different domains such as smart homes or entertainment systems. It is the front face of your entire architecture.

Introduction to Raspberry Pi

• Raspberry Pi was introduced by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in 2012 to bring information technology back to schools where students can learn how to program from scratch.

• Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers that have additional features such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, USB capabilities, general input/output ports. It is a low-cost credit card computer that can be plugged into any monitor and includes a keyboard and mouse.

• The latest version of Raspberry Pi is Raspberry Pi 3 released in February 2016. It runs on Raspbian OS which is free and powered by USB phone charger.

Ideology behind Raspberry Pi

• The main ideology behind introducing Raspberry Pi was to build a generation with strong programming foundations by taking it back to basics and making it accessible across every school. This would help identify good programmers from those who are not in an era where UI has made it easier to use computers without programming knowledge.

Video on Raspberry Pi

• A video by Raspberry Pi Foundation is shown to help understand the ideology behind introducing Raspberry Pi and how it can be used to teach young people how to program.

Introduction to Raspberry Pi

In this section, the speaker introduces Raspberry Pi and its capabilities.

What is Raspberry Pi?

• Raspberry Pi is a small, portable, programmable, and affordable computer.

• It can be used for a variety of projects such as making games, building robots, or even teaching.

• It allows browsing the internet and playing HD videos on the same device.

• Basic operations like creating spreadsheets and presentations can also be done on it.

• A wide range of games are available that can be played on Raspberry Pi.

Capabilities of Raspberry Pi

• Add-on capabilities include infrared cameras and security systems that can be built using Raspberry Pi as the core hardware.

• Music machines and weather stations can also be created using it.

• The possibilities with Raspberry Pi are endless and limited only by one's imagination.

Overview of Raspberry Pi Hardware

In this section, the speaker provides an overview of the hardware components of a Raspberry Pi.

Components of a Raspberry Pi

• The processor and system-on-chip (SoC) are located at the center of the board.

• Two important ports are present: CSI (camera serial interface) for connecting cameras directly to the board and DSI (display serial input port) for connecting displays.

• Other ports include micro USB connector for charging, HDMI port for display output, audio jack for audio input/output, Ethernet connector for network connectivity, four USB slots for peripherals.

• A 40-pin general input/output pin is present which is configurable from software to assign pins to specific purposes.

• A micro SD card slot is present where at least a 16 GB memory card should be used to store operating system and other files.

Changes in Raspberry Pi Hardware

• Over the years, Raspberry Pi has undergone significant changes in hardware components.

• The first generation of Raspberry Pi had a Broadcom BCM2835 SoC with an ARMv6 architecture.

• Today, Raspberry Pi 3 has a capability of 1.2 GHz due to the ARM Cortex-A53 64-bit processor which is considered to be ten times faster than its predecessor.

Raspberry Pi Overview

This section provides an overview of the Raspberry Pi, including its RAM, networking capabilities, peripherals, video capabilities, and connector capabilities.

Raspberry Pi Specifications

• The Raspberry Pi has 1GB of shared RAM.

• The Model B version 1 introduced an Ethernet port for networking. Version 3 added Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.

• The Raspberry Pi has four USB ports and audio input/output ports. On-board storage has changed over the years.

• The Raspberry Pi can play complete HD videos but does not have a hardware H.256 decoding harbor. It uses software operations to decode H.256 included videos.

• The GPU in the Raspberry Pi 3 runs at a higher clock frequency than previous versions. It also has a 15-pin CSI connector for video input and HDMI/DSi/3.5mm TRRS Jack for output.

• There are 17 pins on the GPIO port that can be configured as per your requirements.

Installing Operating Systems on Raspberry Pi

This section covers different operating systems available for the Raspberry Pi and how to download them.

Available Operating Systems

• Popular operating systems supported on the Raspberry Pi include RISC OS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Plan 9, and Windows IoT version.

• Raspbian is one of the most popular operating systems used with the Raspberry Pi.

Downloading Operating Systems

• The official Raspberry Pi website has a downloads section where you can download the operating system.

• It is recommended to download NOOBS, which is a complete package with respect to different operating systems. A 32 GB memory card is recommended for this.

• Once downloaded, copy everything inside the NOOBS folder and paste it inside the SD card. Do not directly copy-paste the extracted folder.

Conclusion

This section concludes the video by summarizing the key points covered in the previous sections.

Key Points

• The Raspberry Pi has 1GB of shared RAM, Ethernet/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth capabilities, four USB ports, audio input/output ports, and a 15-pin CSI connector for video input.

• Raspbian is one of the most popular operating systems used with the Raspberry Pi. It can be downloaded from the official Raspberry Pi website's downloads section.

• It is recommended to use a 32 GB memory card when using NOOBS as an operating system.

Memory Card and Operating System Installation

In this section, the speaker discusses the recommended memory card size and transfer speed for Raspberry Pi. They also provide instructions on how to install an operating system onto a Raspberry Pi using a memory card.

Recommended Memory Card Size and Transfer Speed

• A 16GB memory card with high transfer speed is recommended for Raspberry Pi.

• Class 10 memory cards are ideal as they have a good read and write speed ratio.

Installing Operating System onto Raspberry Pi

• Copy the necessary files for the operating system onto the memory card. Safely eject it before inserting it into the Raspberry Pi to avoid file corruption.

• Insert the memory card into the slot on the back of the Raspberry Pi.

• Turn on your Raspberry Pi to begin installation process.

• Select Raspbian as your operating system and click install. Ensure that you have at least 4.5 GB of space available on your memory card for installation purposes.

• Choose your preferred language and keyboard settings if necessary before clicking install again.

• Wait patiently while installation completes, then reboot when prompted.

Accessories for Raspberry Pi: Sense Hat

In this section, the speaker introduces one of the most popular accessories for Raspberry Pi - Sense Hat - which has onboard sensors such as temperature, humidity, pressure sensor, gyroscope, joystick, and an 8x8 LED matrix display.

Introduction to Sense Hat

• Sense Hat is a hardware accessory attached on top of a Raspberry Pi that has onboard sensors such as temperature, humidity, pressure sensor, gyroscope, joystick and an 8x8 LED matrix display.

• Sense Hat is popular because of its various onboard sensors and the LED matrix display.

• It can be easily assembled by placing it directly on top of the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins.

Raspberry Pi Components and Accessories

In this section, the speaker discusses various components and accessories that can be used with Raspberry Pi.

Raspberry Pi Camera

• Introduced in 2013, one year after the launch of Raspberry Pi 1.

• An 8-megapixel camera that can directly connect to the CSI port on the Raspberry Pi.

• Can record up to 1000p videos.

Infrared Camera

• Helps capture video in infrared mode.

• Called "Pi NoIR".

Gert Board

• Used for educational purposes.

• Helps expand operations done using general input/output pins.

• Can connect to various LEDs, Analog Devices sensors, and more.

Sensor Tutorial

In this section, the speaker explains how to use sense hat component effectively by exploring five different demos.

Demo 1: Displaying a Letter on Top of Sensor

• Generate a random integer between 0 to 255 because RGB value lies in this range.

• Use sense.show_letter() function to specify which letter to show and its color combination.

• Example code provided

• Sleep for one second before generating a new random integer and showing another letter.

Connecting to VNC Server

• Connect your Raspberry Pi using VNC Network or Virtual Network Computing server.

• Instructions provided

• Both devices need to be on the same network.

Demo 2: Displaying Multiple Letters with Random Colors

• Generate three random values between 0 to 255 for each letter (e,d,f).

• Use sense.show_letter() function with corresponding colors for each letter.

• Example code provided

• Displays letters e,d,f with random colors on the sense hat LED display.

Understanding Raspberry Pi Sense Hat

In this section, the speaker explains how they have identified RGB colors and created a random matrix for each pixel of the sensor. They also show how to rotate a letter J on different angles using the sensor.

Identifying RGB Colors and Creating Random Matrix

• Identified RGB colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet and E (empty/null).

• Created a random matrix for each pixel of the sensor.

• Numbering starts from left top position and goes in a row by row manner.

Rotating Letter J on Different Angles Using Sensor

• Defined different angles (0, 90, 180, 270) to rotate letter J.

• Used for loop to rotate letter J on different angles.

• Executed program and displayed rotating letter J on Raspberry Pi screen.

Measuring Temperature, Pressure and Humidity with Sensor

In this section, the speaker explains how to measure temperature, pressure and humidity with the sensor. They also demonstrate how to modify the code to change background color based on temperature value.

Measuring Temperature, Pressure and Humidity

• Explains that measuring temperature, pressure and humidity is one of the most basic things that can be done with the sensor.

• Rounds off values obtained from measuring temperature, pressure and humidity.

Modifying Code to Change Background Color Based on Temperature Value

• Changes background color to green if temperature is above 36 degrees Celsius; otherwise changes background color to blue.

• Creates a message variable that stores temperature, pressure and humidity values in a specific format.

• Executes program and displays message on Raspberry Pi screen with corresponding background color.

Introduction to Raspberry Pi Sensors

In this section, the speaker introduces a hot water source and raises the temperature. They discuss how color changes can be used in critical measure environments. The speaker then moves on to discussing the last program of the sensors tutorial, which detects motion.

Detecting Motion

• The speaker rotates their sensor and identifies the value of pitch, roll, and yaw.

• They explain that they will incorporate the accelerometer for more precise measurements.

• The speaker takes the value of acceleration instead of just pitch, roll, and yaw.

Understanding Sensor Parameters

In this section, the speaker explains how gyro measures differ from axle row measures. They demonstrate how changing the orientation of a Raspberry Pi affects its values.

Exploring Parameters

• The speaker demonstrates how changing the orientation of a Raspberry Pi affects its values.

• They explain that flipping it completely over changes the value of Z to minus one.

• The speaker concludes by saying that these are just some basic things you can do with Raspberry Pi sensors and that what you use them for is up to you.

Building a Weather Detection System with Raspberry Pi

In this section, the speaker introduces the demo for building a weather detection system using Raspberry Pi. The system will measure temperature, pressure, and humidity and display it on Sense HAT LED display panel. The data will be transferred to Raspberry Pi and sent as a notification to a mobile application using Insta Push API.

Assembling Sense HAT on Raspberry Pi

• Sense HAT is an additional board that can be added on top of Raspberry Pi.

• It has different sensors present on it that can be used for various purposes.

• To assemble Sense HAT, align it correctly on top of the Raspberry Pi and push it down.

• Tighten the screws across the different ends.

Sensing Environment Variables

• The program is divided into three parts: sensing environment variables, transferring data to Raspberry Pi, and sending notifications using Insta Push API.

• Import sense_hat library to get values from the sensor to my Raspberry Pi interface.

• Use while loop to continuously measure temperature, pressure, and humidity and display them on Sense HAT LED display panel.

• Use sense.get_temperature() function to get temperature value measured by the sensor in degree centigrade. Convert it into Fahrenheit representation of current temperature using 1.8 * Celsius + 32 formula.

• Use round function to round off corresponding value since we don't need any decimal point values here. Store it inside temp variable.

• Similarly use sense.get_humidity() and sense.get_pressure() functions to get humidity and pressure values respectively.

Transferring Data to Raspberry Pi

• Use requests library in Python program to transfer data from Sense HAT connected with Raspberry Pi via Wi-Fi or Ethernet connection.

• Create a dictionary containing temperature, pressure, and humidity values.

• Use requests.post() function to send the data to a specific URL.

Sending Notifications using Insta Push API

• Use Insta Push API to send notifications across the internet to a mobile application.

• Create an account on Insta Push website and get an access token.

• Install instapush library in Python program and import it.

• Create a notification object with title and message parameters.

• Use app.notify() function to send the notification with notification object as parameter.

Displaying Sensor Data on a Screen

In this section, the speaker explains how to display sensor data on a screen using the Sense HAT library in Python.

Using Sense HAT Library to Display Sensor Data

• T is temperature, H is humidity, and P is pressure.

• Use sense.show_message() function to send any message to the sensor display screen.

• Modify scroll speed, font color, and background color as per requirement.

• Introduce delay between measurements by putting system to sleep for four seconds.

Storing Sensor Data in a Log File

• Open file called weather.txt to create log of present time and message.

• Print message on console for understanding purposes.

• Close log and put system to sleep for five seconds.

Executing Python Program

In this section, the speaker executes the Python program that displays sensor data on a screen.

Executing Python Program

• Write command python filename in console to execute Python program.

• Values are computed and displayed on sensor screen and console.

Experimenting with Sensor Data

In this section, the speaker encourages experimentation with different temperature items near the sensor to see variation in values.

Experimenting with Sensor Data

• Play around with font and background colors.

• Bring different temperature items near the sensor to see corresponding changes in values.

Storing Sensor Data in a Log File

In this section, the speaker explains how to store sensor data in a log file for future reference.

Storing Sensor Data in a Log File

• Open weather.txt file to create log of temperature and pressure measurements.

• Use log for future reference.

Sending Email with Raspberry Pi

In this section, the speaker explains how to send an email using a Raspberry Pi. They show the code and libraries needed for sending emails.

Libraries Required

• The SMTP library is essential for mailing details.

• Mi Ami is a multi-purpose internet mail extension that supports non-text characters like audio, video, and images.

Code Explanation

• Establish communication between the sensor and program.

• Specify the from address and to address.

• Use Mi Ami multi-part function to distribute mail into multiple parts.

• Attach message in plain format to message variable.

• Establish connection to server using SMTP protocol for Gmail.

• Start server using server.start TLS

• Specify login credentials for authentication factor.

• Convert message as string and store it inside a variable known as text.

• Call function sin.Email through which you specify from which address it's going and where it should go along with text which is part of it.

• Quit connection between server.

Execution of Program

The speaker executes the program by calling python email.py. The program connects to their server, measures temperature, humidity, pressure, sends an email containing these details.

Using API with Raspberry Pi

In this section, the speaker explains how to use an API with Raspberry Pi. They show how Pikul and JSON are used in establishing a connection between your API.

Libraries Required

Pikul helps establish a connection between your API while JSON is used for data exchange.

Code Explanation

The speaker imports Pikul and JSON libraries before explaining how they work together in establishing a connection between your API.

[t=XXXXs] Final Thoughts

In this section, the speaker concludes their explanation on sending emails with Raspberry Pi by summarizing what was covered in previous sections.

Key Points

• The SMTP library is essential for mailing details.

• Mi Ami is a multi-purpose internet mail extension that supports non-text characters like audio, video, and images.

• Pikul helps establish a connection between your API while JSON is used for data exchange.

Displaying Numbers on a Sensor

In this section, the speaker explains how to display numbers on a sensor using a 6x7 matrix area. They also introduce the show digit function and explain how it works.

Setting up the Sensor

• To clear any remaining data present on the sensor, use sense.clear().

• The variables hot and cold will be used later. A new variable called push message is also introduced.

Using a 6x7 Matrix Area

• The remaining area of the sensor after eliminating the first column and two rows from the top is a 6x7 matrix area. This is where all operations will be done.

• Each number has a specific way of representing in a 3x5 matrix, which is shown in the number_matrix.

Displaying Single Digits with show digit

• The function takes an input value for x-coordinate (xd), y-coordinate (yd) and RGB value.

• An offset position needs to be computed since each number is present in different rows of the call.

• To compute an offset position, multiply incoming value into 15 to get to start of that row. For example, if value is 3, then move 45 positions (3*15) to reach that row.

Implementing a For Loop to Place Values in LED Display

In this section, the speaker explains how to execute a for loop to place values into different parts of an LED display. They discuss identifying which LED should be turned on and how to compute x and y coordinates.

Computing x and y Coordinates

• Compute x coordinate as value of p modulo 3.

• Result will be 0, 1 or 2.

• Identify which position (0th, 1st or 2nd) the LED will start from.

• Divide the display into rows and columns.

Placing Values in LED Display

• Call sense.set_pixel() function to set each pixel individually.

• Use x coordinate (x_t + x_d), y coordinate (y_t + y_d), and RGB number.

• Multiply P by R to convert desired color value.

Creating a Function to Display Two-Digit Numbers

In this section, the speaker discusses creating a new function called "show number" that will be used to display two-digit numbers on the LED display.

Defining Show Number Function

• Takes four values: variable called "while" for present temperature, RGB value, offset left, and offset top.

• Absolute value is taken of input to identify number present in tens place. This is stored in abs_value variable.

• Units place is identified using modular division by 10.

Calling Show Digit Function

• If value is greater than 9, call show_digit function with tens value and offset left and top.

• Call show_digit function again with units place and offset left plus four.

Sending Notifications to Mobile Device

In this section, the speaker explains how to send notifications of temperature, humidity, and pressure readings to a mobile device using an application called "Instapush".

Using Instapush Application

• Python application will communicate with Instapush to send notifications.

Understanding the InstaPush API

In this section, the speaker explains how NASA uses the InstaPush API to monitor temperature, pressure, and humidity. The speaker then demonstrates how to configure an application on the InstaPush website and use Curl to post data to the API.

Using InstaPush for Real-World Applications

• NASA uses InstaPush to monitor temperature, pressure, and humidity in real-world scenarios.

• The speaker defines a range of acceptable temperatures for their program using cold and hot variables. Notifications are sent if the temperature falls outside of this range.

Configuring an Application on InstaPush

• To configure an application on InstaPush, create a user ID credential and log in with those credentials.

• After logging in, click "Add Application" and specify a name for your application. Then click "Add Event" to create an event that will trigger notifications.

• Use Curl to post data from your application to the InstaPush API by setting up custom headers for authentication and content type specification.

Setting Up Custom Headers with Curl

• Use C dot set up followed by C dot HTTP header to set up custom headers for authentication and content type specification when posting data with Curl.

• Specify x - instapush - api D plus your app ID as well as x - instapush - app secret (your password) in your custom headers. Also specify that you will be passing a Json file using application dot Json as your content type.

Sending Data to API

In this section, the speaker explains how to send data to an API using Python.

Specifying Field Values

• The first step is to specify the field values for the event, tracker, and message.

• The push message contains temperature, pressure, and humidity data.

• Json.dump is used to create a Json file that will be passed as post fields.

Sending Json File with Post

• Use C.setopt() command followed by C.postfields and pass the post field (Json file).

• To capture the response, use a buffer with write operation.

Updating Post Status

• Use C.setopt() followed by C of C were Burrows to update whether the post has been sent.

Checking Temperature

In this section, the speaker explains how to check temperature using Python.

Measuring Temperature in Degree Centigrade

• An infinite loop is run while measuring temperature in degree centigrade.

• Humidity and pressure are also measured simultaneously.

• The values are stored in a message variable and written into a log file.

Displaying Temperature on Raspberry Pi

• If present temperature is an integer, show number function is called.

• The value is stored into temp1 and then written into a file.

Push Notification for Hot or Cold Temperatures

• If present temperature falls below cold range or above hot range, push notification will start with either "hot" or "cold".

• Push message will contain pressure, temperature, and humidity data.

• A function call converts push message into Json data before passing it through communication.

Conclusion of Demo Session

In this section, the speaker concludes the demo session and discusses the use of Raspberry Pi in IoT.

Importance of Raspberry Pi in IoT

• Raspberry Pi has become the heart of the Internet of Things domain.

• Camera is one of the most interesting modules that can be added onto this hardware.

Pie Camera

• The pie camera is explored as a topic for future discussion.

Raspberry Pi Camera Module

In this section, we will learn about the Raspberry Pi camera module and its features. We will also understand how to connect the camera module to the Raspberry Pi and enable it.

Connecting the Camera Module

• The camera module helps capture videos in full HD at 30 frames, HD at 60 frames, and even Vijay videos at 90 frames.

• There are two versions of the camera module: version 1 with a five-megapixel resolution and omnivision sensor, and version 2 with a higher resolution and Sony sensor.

• Be careful while working with the camera module as it is delicate. To connect it to the Raspberry Pi, insert the CSI cable into the slot with silver side facing HDMI port.

• It is recommended to use a case that supports the camera module as well.

Enabling Camera Module on Raspberry Pi

• To enable the camera on your Raspberry Pi, go to Menu > Preferences > Raspberry Pi Configuration > Interfaces. Enable Camera option here.

• Use raspistill command to capture an image from the camera module. Use -vf or -hf parameters to flip vertically or horizontally respectively.

Overall, this section provides an overview of how to work with Raspberry Pi's camera module. It covers connecting it to your device and enabling it for use.

Converting h.264 videos to MP4 format

In this section, the speaker explains how to convert h.264 videos into MP4 format using a command and also demonstrates how to run it for a fixed duration.

Converting h.264 videos to MP4 format

• To convert h.264 videos into MP4 format, use the following command: sudo apt-get install - why g-pack now?

• To run it for a fixed duration, pass the duration as part of the parameters while specifying a spy with.

• The timeframe passed should be in milliseconds.

Running for a fixed duration

• Pass the duration as part of the parameters while specifying a spy with.

• Be careful while doing this because although you may specify 10,000 milliseconds (10 seconds), only 10 seconds of video will be captured.

Using Python function instead of shell command

In this section, the speaker explains how to use Python functions instead of shell commands to perform operations on Pi camera module.

Installing Pi camera package

• Install a package called "by camera".

• Update all packages that you want.

• Install python by camera package that's present.

• Run both these commands if you have two versions of python on your machine: python - by camera and by In 3 - bye camera.

• You can also install Pi camera using pip install as well: sudo pip install Pi camera.

Recording videos using Python program

• Use Python program to record videos for 10 seconds.

• Use "with" statement here which helps in handling all exceptions and encapsulating proper tasks.

• Import time package which helps access pi camera module and by-camera function connects pie-camera module data.

• Use "with" function to handle all exceptions and encapsulate proper tasks.

• Use camera.start_preview() command to give a review of what the camera is seeing.

• Use camera.stop_preview() command to stop the preview.

Capturing images and recording videos using Pi camera

In this section, the speaker explains how to capture images and record videos using Pi camera module.

Commands for capturing images and recording videos

• Use camera.capture() command to capture an image.

• Use camera.start_recording() and camera.stop_recording() commands to record a video.

• Use camera.capture_continuous() command to capture continuous images.

• Use camera.start_recording(), time.sleep(), and camera.stop_recording() commands to record a video for a specific duration.

Streaming video from Raspberry Pi

• To stream the video that is coming from your Raspberry Pi, use the command: camera.capture(my_stream, 'type_of_stream').

• To capture a stream, use: camera.capture(my_stream, 'type_of_stream').

• To start recording after 5 seconds, use timer function.

Face Detection and Recognition

In this section, the speaker discusses face detection and recognition using OpenCV. The first stage of face detection is a classifier that decides whether an image has a face or not. OpenCV provides two pre-trained classifiers: Haar Classifier and LBP Classifier. Both classifiers process images in grayscale to decide if there is a face or not.

Face Detection

• The Haar Classifier and LBP Classifier are used for face detection.

• Classifiers process images in grayscale because color information is not needed to detect faces.

• The Haar Classifier uses machine learning to classify positive and negative images without faces. It takes more time but has higher accuracy with minimal false positives.

• The LBP Classifier creates a 3x3 window at the time of the image and compares pixels with values set as 1 or 0. Its computation and training time are faster than the Haar Classifier.

Face Recognition

• To achieve face recognition, we need to detect the face, gather data, compare it, and start recognizing data.

• A classifier decides whether there is a positive aspect where the face is present or the negative aspect where the face is not present.

• The Haar Classifier sums up adjacent pixels' intensity in each region where the face is detected to differentiate between sections of faces.

• The LBP Classifier reads binary values counterclockwise from center pixels of pixel groups to convert them into decimal values.

Conclusion

Face detection involves understanding classifiers that decide whether an image has a face or not. OpenCV provides two pre-trained classifiers: Haar Classifier and LBP Classifier. Face recognition involves detecting the face, gathering data, comparing it, and recognizing data. The Haar Classifier has higher accuracy with minimal false positives but takes more time to compute and train. The LBP Classifier is faster in computation and training time.

Understanding OpenCV Packages

In this section, the speaker explains how to download and use the OpenCV library from GitHub. They also show different XML files present in the package that help recognize different aspects of a body.

Downloading OpenCV Package

• To download the OpenCV library, it is recommended to get it from GitHub.

• Inside the package, there are different hard classifiers and LBP Castle path.

• The frontal face segment is mainly used for recognizing faces.

Understanding LBP Segment

• Different values associated with LBP segment help identify or understand how face recognition should take place.

• Each XML file has a specific purpose in recognizing different aspects of a body.

Face Recognition Steps

In this section, the speaker explains three steps involved in face recognition - data gathering stage, feature extraction stage, and classification stage.

Data Gathering Stage

• This stage involves gathering relevant information about a person's face by capturing multiple photos of them.

• Three functions provided by OpenCV for data gathering are Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, and LBPH.

Feature Extraction Stage

• This stage involves extracting important features from gathered data using algorithms like Eigenfaces or LBPH.

• Principal components or histograms are extracted from images to create unique features for each image.

Classification Stage

• This stage involves comparing extracted features with those already stored in the database to classify an image as belonging to a particular person.

Setting up the Camera Application

In this section, the speaker sets up the camera application and demonstrates how it connects to their phone camera.

Connecting to Phone Camera

• The camera application connects to the phone camera and displays what is being seen.

• The Raspberry Pi setup is shown on a curve due to heating issues.

• A test image is captured by putting a hand in front of the camera and pressing Q to quit.

Face Recognition and Detection

This section covers face recognition and detection using OpenCV, OS module, and numpy.

Detecting Faces

• Images are converted into grayscale using CV2.CVT color.

• A face cascade for LBP frontal face classifier is created.

• The function detects faces using multi-scale parameter with scaling factor set as 1.2 and minimum number of pixels as 5.

• If no faces are detected, it passes none as a parameter. Otherwise, it returns four coordinates with respect to X and Y-axis.

Preparing Data

• The path from where images will be picked up is specified.

• A for loop goes through each image present in the path.

• Labels help identify which subject an image belongs to.

Training Model

• The recognizer model is trained using LBPHFaceRecognizer_create() method from OpenCV.

• Images are read from training data folder using os.path.join() method.

• Labels are assigned based on subfolders present in training data folder.

Recognizing Faces

• The program uses detectMultiScale() method from OpenCV to detect faces in real-time video feed.

• It predicts which subject an image belongs to based on labels assigned during training phase.

Preparing Training Data

In this section, the speaker explains how to prepare training data for face recognition.

Identifying and Labeling Images

• The first step is to identify and label images.

• Naming conventions can be used to help identify which label an image belongs to.

• System files that start with DOT will be ignored, but other images will be recognized using OpenCV.

• Images will be resized to a comfortable size of 400 pixels.

Detecting Faces

• The detect phase function is called, which calls back to the previous function created for detecting faces.

• If a face is present, it is appended to the face list and labeled accordingly.

• Windows created by OpenCV are destroyed.

Preparing Training Data Recursively

• The prepared data is stored in a location and then trained on.

• A recursive function is used to prepare training data by calling itself until all folders and images have been trained on.

• Once complete, the total number of faces and labels are printed.

Creating LBPH Face Recognizer

In this section, the speaker explains how to create an LBPH face recognizer.

Using LBPH Face Cognizer Function

• The LBPH face cognizer function is called after being defined earlier in the code.

• Faces are passed so that the machine can learn and train itself to identify these faces in future.

Predicting Images

• A rectangle is created across the faces to differentiate them.

• The detect phase function is called to identify the person in the image.

• The face recognizer predicts the image and prints the confidence level of the match.

• If confidence is greater than 30, a rectangle is drawn and the name of the person is printed in green.

Conclusion

In this section, the speaker concludes by summarizing what was covered in this tutorial.

Summary

• This tutorial covered how to prepare training data for face recognition using OpenCV.

• It also explained how to create an LBPH face recognizer and predict images with it.

Face Recognition System

In this section, the speaker demonstrates how to use a face recognition system by identifying images of Ronaldo and Messi.

Identifying Images

• The speaker shows two images: dot one dot jpeg (Ronaldo) and a b c dot jpeg (Messi).

• These images are passed to the program for identification using the predict function.

Face Detection

• The program starts detecting faces in the images and prepares the data.

• It identifies 22 total faces and predicts whose face belongs to whom with high confidence.

• The program successfully detects and recognizes both Ronaldo's and Messi's faces.

Windows 10 IoT Core

In this section, the speaker discusses Windows 10 IoT Core as an operating system for Internet of Things devices.

Introduction to Windows 10 IoT Core

• Windows 10 IoT Core is an official operating software for all types of systems in Internet of Things (IoT).

• It comes in three packages: Windows 10 IoT Enterprise, Windows IoT Mobile Enterprise, and Windows 10 IoT Core.

Features of Windows 10 IoT Core

• It is the smallest operating system that Microsoft has ever had, making it ideal for small embedded systems in IoT like microcontrollers or microprocessors.

• Its interface is minimalistic but powerful enough to run all applications required for seamless data flow between devices and cloud services.

Installing Windows 10 IoT Core on Raspberry Pi

In this section, the speaker explains how to install Windows 10 IoT Core on a Raspberry Pi. The process involves formatting an SD card and downloading the operating system.

Formatting the SD Card

• To prepare for installation, format an SD card with at least 8GB of storage and a class 10 rating.

• Use the free online tool "SD Card Formatter" to optimize the partition required by the operating system.

Downloading Windows 10 IoT Core

• Visit the official website for Windows 10 IoT Core and download the Windows 10 IoT Core Dashboard.

• Install the dashboard software and set up a new device by selecting "Raspberry Pi 3" as device type, choosing Windows 10 IoT Core as OS, and entering a device name and password.

Using Minimal Interface

• After installation, only one active application can run at a time while other background applications may be running.

• The minimal interface is designed for convenience when running headless devices without displays.

Installing Windows 10 IoT Core on Raspberry Pi

In this tutorial, the speaker explains how to install Windows 10 IoT Core on a Raspberry Pi. The tutorial covers downloading and installing the operating system, configuring basic settings, and using the IoT Dashboard.

Downloading and Installing Windows 10 IoT Core

• Passwords are set up before accepting the license agreement and clicking download.

• A pop-up appears about erasing the SD card.

• Click "continue" to erase the SD card.

• Another pop-up may appear for iot utilities installation. Press "yes".

• Once downloaded, cancel any prompts asking to format disk.

Configuring Basic Settings

• Do not hit cancel when prompted to format disk.

• Eject SD card from computer and insert it into Raspberry Pi.

• Configure basic settings such as language and Wi-Fi network upon first boot of Raspberry Pi with Windows 10 IoT Core installed.

Using Windows 10 IoT Core

• Upon starting Raspberry Pi with Windows 10 IoT Core installed, users will see the welcome screen for the operating system.

• The desktop is minimalistic but includes device info, command line window, browser, tutorials, settings button, and power button.

• The operating system can run both headed and headless applications. Applications can be developed on a laptop then pushed remotely onto Raspberry Pi using Visual Studio or other packages available through IoT Dashboard.

Choosing Between Adreno and Raspberry Pi for IoT Projects

• The speaker explains that the tutorial is designed to help viewers choose between Adreno and Raspberry Pi for IoT projects.

Arduino vs Raspberry Pi: Which one is better for IoT?

This transcript compares the hardware and software specifications of the latest models of both Arduino and Raspberry Pi devices. It explains the differences between microcontrollers and microprocessors, and how they affect the capabilities of each device.

Hardware Specifications

• The motherboard in a computer drives operations by performing logical instructions or calculating outcomes based on information.

• Arduino runs on an 8-bit AVR atmega328 microcontroller with 2KB RAM, 32KB EEPROM flash memory, and a processing speed of 16MHz.

• Raspberry Pi 3 B+ has a Broadcom BCM2837B0 microprocessor with a static RAM of 1GB running directly upon SD card storage at a clock speed of 1.4GHz.

Software Specifications

• Arduino is designed to control electrical components connected to the circuit board in any system.

• Raspberry Pi can compute complex mathematical operations enabling it to process audios, videos, images, and other GUIs like a computer.

• Arduino comes without any operating software except for compiling code to machine level and allowing serial connection for data transfer.

• Raspberry Pi must enable all required layers of software and utilize different programs to make any task happen.

Comparison

• The key difference between them is that Arduino is based on a microcontroller while Raspberry Pi is based on a microprocessor.

• The I/O connectors in Arduino are more capable than the I/O pins in Raspberry Pi which must depend on transistors to drive external hardware.

• Arduino offers an IDE with the compiler and is the only one that this device supports, which means only the codes written here will work and get compiled on to its physical board.

• Raspberry Pi supports multiple programming languages.

Conclusion

• Both devices have their own strengths and weaknesses, but it ultimately depends on what you need for your IoT project. If you need a simple microcontroller to control electrical components, then Arduino is a good choice. If you need a more powerful device that can compute complex operations and support multimedia processing, then Raspberry Pi is a better option.

Arduino and Raspberry Pi: A Comparison

In this section, the speaker compares the Arduino and Raspberry Pi boards, explaining their differences and use cases.

Purpose of Using Arduino or Raspberry Pi

• The Arduino is best suited for repetitive tasks like temperature reading, door opening/closing, light control, and motion detection.

• The Raspberry Pi is good at complex operations, performing multiple tasks or processing large amounts of data. It's more like a general-purpose computer.

Boards Available

• The Arduino has had multiple boards over the years with different functionalities. Popular ones include the Arduino Mega, Lily Pad, and Arduino Bluetooth.

• The Raspberry Pi is on its third generation with each model better than the previous ones. Its latest board is the Raspberry Pi 3 B+.

Top 7 IoT Projects

In this section, the speaker discusses seven outstanding IoT projects.

Biometric System

• A biometric system uses fingerprint scanning or iris recognition to identify individuals.

• The system creates a template from an individual's fingerprint features and stores it in a database for future comparison.

• Other biometric systems can include voice recognition.

Smart Irrigation System

• This system checks moisture levels in water channels using sensors connected to an Arduino board.

• If moisture levels are too low, a signal is sent to the Raspberry Pi which then activates irrigation systems connected to each channel.

Home Automation System

• This project involves controlling home appliances such as lights, fans, and air conditioners using a mobile app.

• The system uses Wi-Fi to connect the Raspberry Pi to the mobile app and relay commands to connected appliances.

Smart Parking System

• This system uses sensors placed in parking spots to detect if they are occupied or not.

• The data is sent to the Raspberry Pi which then relays it to a mobile app that displays available parking spots.

Health Monitoring System

• This project involves monitoring vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature using sensors connected to an Arduino board.

• The data is sent wirelessly to the Raspberry Pi which then sends alerts if any readings fall outside of normal ranges.

Smart Traffic Management System

• This system uses cameras and sensors placed on roads to monitor traffic flow.

• The data is sent wirelessly to the Raspberry Pi which then analyzes it and adjusts traffic signals accordingly.

Industrial Automation System

• This project involves automating industrial processes such as assembly lines using sensors and actuators connected to an Arduino board.

• The data is sent wirelessly to the Raspberry Pi which then controls the entire process.

Smart Home and City Automation

In this section, the speaker discusses various projects related to smart home and city automation.

Water Management System

• A system that uses sensors to detect soil moisture levels and sends a signal to the Raspberry Pi asking it to stop the pump, saving water.

Security Camera and Door Unlock System

• A camera placed on top of a door clicks a photo of a person who comes into the frame.

• The photo is sent to an analytical system which compares it with all the photos in its database.

• If the person is authorized, they can open the door; otherwise, concerned persons are notified.

Smart Home System

• A system that manages energy consumption by controlling light systems, ACs, appliances, thermostats, etc.

• Includes door management and security systems as well as water management systems.

Smart City Automation

• An evolution of smart home automation where various organizations and domains are connected for better living conditions.

• Requires government support for successful implementation.

Zelda Ocarina Controlled Home Automation System

• Most elements of the home are controlled by an Ocarina using a node-based recognition system created by Alan Pan.

Jarvis - AI-Based Home Automation System

• Mark Zuckerberg's AI-based home automation system called Jarvis recognizes people at gates and lets them in automatically while informing him about it.

• It also helps him get ready in the morning by making breakfast or setting up video conference calls.

Playing Music with Jarvis

In this section, the speaker introduces Jarvis and demonstrates how it can play music.

Playing Music with Jarvis

• Jarvis is introduced as a device that can play music.

• The speaker asks Jarvis to play some good Nickelback songs, but Jarvis responds that there are no good Nickelback songs.

• The speaker then asks Jarvis to play some songs that the whole family likes.

Understanding IoT Ecosystem

In this section, the speaker explains that IoT is not just dependent on sensors but is a complete ecosystem where sensors gather information which is stored on a platform and processed using machine learning and artificial intelligence.

Understanding IoT Ecosystem

• The speaker explains that IoT is not just dependent on sensors connected to a Raspberry Pi or Arduino board.

• Sensors gather information which is stored on a platform for processing.

• If there are any issues or failures reported by these sensors, actionable items need to be created to ensure they are not repeated again.

• Processed data is passed into machine learning and artificial intelligence in order to understand, analyze, and identify various patterns.

Benefits of IoT Devices

In this section, the speaker discusses how IoT devices can improve our daily lives by identifying patterns and automating tasks.

Benefits of IoT Devices

• The speaker highlights how many people are keeping up with technology trends today.

• He then goes on to discuss how IoT devices can improve our daily lives by identifying patterns and automating tasks.

• The speaker outlines the topics he will cover in the session, including how to identify IoT devices, what they can do for us, and how secure they are.

What Makes an IoT Device?

In this section, the speaker explains that any device with the ability to receive or send data allowing it to communicate over networks can be called a thing or an IoT device.

What Makes an IoT Device?

• The speaker explains that any device with the ability to receive or send data allowing it to communicate over networks can be called a thing or an IoT device.

• These devices come with diverse features and can be more powerful but even puny devices have enough technology for them to communicate over the internet.

• Devices running on incredibly low power levels operate with minimal resources and are embedded with just enough technology for them to communicate over the internet.

Conclusion

In this section, the speaker concludes by summarizing key points about IoT devices and their benefits.

Conclusion

• The speaker concludes by summarizing key points about IoT devices and their benefits.

• He emphasizes that at their smallest levels, these things are embedded with just enough technology for them to communicate over the internet.

• This makes it possible for these devices to function in microscopic levels in remote corners of our world while implementing solutions in a cost-effective way without compromising on accuracy.

IoT Devices in Home Automation

This section discusses the use of IoT devices in home automation and how they have made homes smarter.

Smart Lighting Systems

• Philips Hue and tp-link Color Smart Wi-Fi are examples of tunable smart lighting systems that can be controlled using smartphones.

• These lights can be turned on or off remotely, and their color and brightness can be adjusted from anywhere in the world.

Smart Locks

• August Smartlock third generation is a Bluetooth-enabled device that attaches to existing bolts to provide secure access control.

• It sends notifications when doors are not properly closed or locked, and it allows for virtual or temporary keys to be created for guests.

Nest Learning Thermostat

• The Nest Learning Thermostat learns your schedules and preferences over time to regulate your home temperature automatically.

• It uses sensors and phone location to detect whether anyone is at home, shifting into energy-saving mode when nobody is around.

• Nest also provides smart cameras with smoke and carbon monoxide alarms that can be managed through its dedicated app.

Video Doorbells

• Video doorbells like Ring's Video Doorbell allow homeowners to answer their doors from anywhere in the world.

• They send notifications when motion is detected within 30 feet of the door, stream live footage onto phones, and record high-definition videos that get saved on the cloud.

Virtual/Home Assistants & Health Tracking Devices

This section discusses virtual/home assistants like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri, Jibo as well as health tracking devices like Fitbit tracker or Apple Watch.

Virtual/Home Assistants

• Virtual/home assistants like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri, and Jibo are popular applications of IoT devices in home automation systems.

Health Tracking Devices

• Health tracking devices like Fitbit tracker or Apple Watch track fitness aspects such as heart rate, perspiration levels, and body temperature.

• They can predict cold or flu symptoms and help manage day-to-day healthcare needs.

• Other IoT devices like Philips Healthcare's medication dispensing service or the Hero smart pills dispenser have been successful in the healthcare sector by providing reminders for medications and monitoring them remotely.

IoT and its Impact on Various Sectors

In this section, the speaker discusses how IoT impacts various sectors such as waste management, transportation, agriculture, and retail.

Smart Cities

• IoT aims to impact the greater good by making waste management more efficient.

• The environment is checked through sensors in outdoor lighting and traffic signals equipped with motion sensors to ensure energy conservation.

Transportation

• Connected car platforms are becoming more prevalent.

• Maps provide real-time intel for drivers.

• Modern vehicles house numerous sensors that monitor vehicle performance in real-time.

• Tracking flight altitude and maintenance issues can help anticipate problems to schedule maintenance prior to arrival.

Agriculture

• IoT devices can monitor climate and soil quality for crops.

• Automated irrigation systems can be made more efficient with smart devices.

• Smart watering system Blossom creates optimal watering schedules based on weather data.

Retail and Logistics

• IoT devices are extensively used in shopping, restaurants, hospitality industries, etc. to control supply chain effectively.

• Q hop is an example of internal things being used in retail today designed to bring seamless autonomous check-out technologies to all retail verticals by digitizing checkouts through RFID tags that only unlock after payment is processed.

• Amazon Go stores use machine learning and sensor fusion technology for a grab-and-go shopping experience without checkout lines.

Introduction

In this section, the speaker introduces the topic of IoT and explains what it is.

• IoT stands for Internet of Things.

• It refers to a network of physical devices that are connected to the internet and can communicate with each other.

• The devices can collect and exchange data, making them "smart" and able to operate autonomously.

Use Cases for IoT

In this section, the speaker discusses some use cases for IoT devices.

• IoT devices can be used in various sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, transportation, and manufacturing.

• They can help improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance safety.

• Examples include smart homes, wearable health monitors, self-driving cars, and industrial sensors.

What Makes an IoT Device?

In this section, the speaker explains what makes a device an IoT device.

• Any object with a unique IP address that can gather or transmit data can become an IoT device.

• The device must have sensors or other components that collect data from its environment.

• The device must also have software that processes the data and communicates with other devices or systems.

Challenges of IoT Devices

In this section, the speaker discusses some challenges associated with using IoT devices.

• Communication protocols used by different devices vary greatly due to a lack of common standards across all devices.

• This lack of uniformity creates security risks that make many important operations unreliable.

• Customers need assurance about privacy and security before adopting insecure solutions.

Security Risks in IoT Devices

In this section, the speaker talks about security risks associated with using IoT devices.

• A major cyber attack in 2016 was traced back to hackers infiltrating smart networks through IoT devices.

• Poor practices, such as using default passwords, can make it easy for hackers to gain access to these devices.

• Better practices and proper authentication, network segmentation, encryption, and cryptography can make IoT devices more secure.

Building an IoT Device

In this section, the speaker explains what is involved in building an IoT device.

• An IoT device must be designed with its intended purpose in mind and should be prepared to work for at least a couple of decades.

• The hardware component of an IoT device includes sensors or other components that collect data from the environment.

• The software component of an IoT device processes the data collected by the hardware and communicates with other devices or systems.

IoT in Everyday Life

In this section, the speaker talks about how IoT can be used to improve our daily lives.

Smart Home Appliances

• IoT can be used to create a smart home appliance system that can turn on your AC before you arrive home by connecting it to a cloud dashboard containing relevant information like the location of your car and outside temperature.

• This technology bridges the gap between reading devices and delivering comfort by creating systems rather than just equipment.

IoT in Healthcare

In this section, the speaker discusses how IoT is transforming healthcare.

Remote Patient Monitoring

• A care device has certain parameters that are considered safe. Once one of them is breached, the sensor immediately sends a message via a secure gateway to a cloud.

• The cloud then passes a remote signal to a monitoring device that is monitored either by a nurse or caretaker at home.

• Patients can now replace long waits at doctor's offices with quick check-ins, data sharing, and instructions on how to proceed.

Smart Cities

In this section, the speaker talks about how IoT can make cities smarter.

Traffic Management

• Intelligent devices like traffic cameras can monitor road conditions such as traffic jams, accidents, and weather and communicate that status to a gateway.

• This gateway receives data from various other cameras from all around the city forming a citywide traffic system.

• This technology helps municipal corporations repair roads without causing massive congestion.

The Role of IoT in Various Sectors

In this video, the speaker discusses the role of IoT in various sectors such as traffic management systems, agriculture, industrial automation sector and disaster management.

Traffic Management Systems

• IoT can derive routes for cars around construction projects.

• Live instructions could be sent to drivers via radio channels and their respective smart devices.

• If there is a school or an office building which has no other way but to use that road under construction, they can be automatically called and asked to reschedule.

• This creates a network of self-dependent systems which leverage real-time control.

Agriculture

• Despite its importance, agriculture is often neglected due to manual handling resulting in loss of energy labor cost and other inaccuracies.

• IoT provides solutions such as precision farming, smart irrigation and smart greenhouse.

• Sensors detect various parameters at each level of the soil such as moisture content temperature and weather conditions.

• Smart Greenhouse uses embedded devices to monitor and control the climate inside the greenhouse.

Industrial Automation Sector

• IoT improves the line of command immensely by optimizing packaging and making quality tests easier to run.

• It reduces training costs by automating factories that pretty much run on their own.

• You can monitor supply chain in real-time while keeping an eye on your inventories

• Re-engineering products and their packaging delivers better performance in both cost and customer experience.

Disaster Management

• Developing countries are more exposed to risks of natural disasters due to high population density poor evacuation infrastructure exposure to severe weather events.

-IoT helps with prediction preparedness response, recovery, rescue developing countries from vulnerable positions.

-Sensors installed near forest perimeters contribute data feeds about temperature & carbon emissions.

-This data is sent to a control room via a secure network gateway in real-time.

-The police and nearby hospitals can anticipate problems and put defenses in place to mitigate the impact.

The speaker discusses the role of IoT in various sectors such as traffic management systems, agriculture, industrial automation sector and disaster management. IoT can derive routes for cars around construction projects, provide solutions such as precision farming, smart irrigation and smart greenhouse for agriculture, improve the line of command immensely by optimizing packaging and making quality tests easier to run for industrial automation sector and help with prediction preparedness response, recovery, rescue developing countries from vulnerable positions for disaster management.

Applications and Future Scope of IoT

In this section, the speaker discusses the applications and future scope of IoT.

IoT Applications

• Emergency alerts are sent via social media, conventional media channels, and SMS to alert people in urban areas.

• IoT has gone from 5 million to billions of internet-connected devices in just one year.

• Energy-efficient algorithms and hardware are needed for wireless devices that operate in remote locations with limited energy resources.

• Security is a major concern as more devices become connected to each other.

Future Scope of IoT

• The goal is to reduce the gap between near real-time and actual real-time systems.

• There is a high demand for IoT professionals, with salaries predicted to increase up to 17.5 lakhs by 2019.

• India is becoming one of the largest hubs for IoT across the globe, with companies integrating it into existing infrastructure.

Salary Trends and Projections in IoT

In this section, the speaker talks about salary trends and projections in the field of IoT.

Median Salary

• The median salary for an IoT professional is 15.2 lakhs per annum, which is 76% more than what IT sector professionals earn.

Comparison with Other Sectors

• Only 33% of IoT specialists have salaries under 6 lakhs per annum compared to 58% in IT sector.

• Almost 5% of IoT professionals earn a salary bracket of 10 to 25 lakhs per annum.

• IoT professionals command higher salaries than other domains, with 50+ LP being the largest salary bracket.

Salary Trends by Functional Area

• Application programming is the highest paying job in India, while embedded technologies are the highest paid in the US.

• System programming and engineering design sectors lie somewhere in between.

Introduction

In this section, the speaker introduces the topic of IoT and its impact on the job market.

What is IoT?

• IoT stands for Internet of Things.

• It refers to a network of physical devices that are connected to each other and can exchange data.

• The concept of IoT has given rise to a new era of economic growth, and companies are looking at it to transform their businesses.

Impact on Job Market

• Moving forward, there will be a massive job creation in the field of IoT.

• Existing professionals with transferable skills will find progression opportunities with IoT.

Salary and Career Aspects

In this section, the speaker discusses salary aspects and career opportunities in the field of IoT.

Salary Aspects

• Moving from one experience level bracket to a higher one can lead to almost 50% jump in salary.

Career Opportunities

• Companies like Dell and IBM have a vested interest in delivering and facilitating IoT.

• Companies like Verizon and Accenture are preparing for the future with IoT.

• There are various domains that have adopted potential usage of industrial IoT which has led to massive job creation.

Current Roles for IoT Professionals

In this section, the speaker elaborates on current roles for IoT professionals.

Emerging Job Profiles

Solution Architects

• A solution architect takes an idea and converts it into a design and then takes the design and converts it into code.

• It takes the requirements of the company and turns it into solution blueprints.

Product Managers

• The responsibilities of a product manager revolve around making sure that clients get the solution they asked for on time.

Industrial Data Scientists

• These are data scientists that work with sensor data and have expertise in it.

Industrial Engineers

• Hardware plays a key role in development, so we need material specialists who can work on semiconductors used to make microcontrollers and microprocessors in connected devices.

Full Stack Developers

• We need developers at the back end who are proficient in software coding as well as hardware programming.

Robot Coordinators

• With shop floors being taken over by robots, we need supervisors who can take care of miscalculations or breakdowns.

Skills Required

In this section, the speaker discusses skills required for IoT professionals.

Qualifications Needed

• Proficiency in coding and fundamental object design is required for your resume to be looked at.

Soft Skills Needed

• Businesses engaged in IoT technologies seek forward-thinking professionals who meet standards in academics but also have soft skills and innovative thinking.

Technical Skills Needed

• Deep knowledge of embedded technologies, concepts of cloud computing, and edge computing is needed.

IoT Job Market

In this section, the speaker talks about the job market for IoT professionals and how it is a great opportunity for job seekers to showcase their skills. The speaker also mentions that companies can establish relationships with these professionals.

Edureka's IoT Certification Training

• Edureka provides an IoT certification training course tailored specifically by industry experts.

• The syllabus covers concepts such as IoT framework ecosystem and solution architecture, networking protocols, and application.

• Students will gain hands-on experience with Raspberry Pi and sensors, Azure IoT Hub, and Alexa voice. The course also includes real-life demos and case studies.

Conclusion

• The speaker concludes that the explosion of IoT suggests an optimistic future for professionals looking to dive into this industry.

• The speaker encourages listeners to grab this opportunity while they still have it.