Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

New Section

This section introduces the topic of favorite animals and the importance of knowing what animals eat. It also discusses the concepts of heterotrophs and autotrophs.

Favorite Animals and What They Eat

  • Having a favorite animal is common, and it's interesting to learn about their eating habits.
  • Animals can be herbivores (eating plants), carnivores (eating meat), or omnivores (eating both).
  • All animals are heterotrophs, meaning they consume organic matter regardless of their diet.

Autotrophs and Producers

  • Plants are autotrophs, which means they make their own food through photosynthesis using light as an energy source. They produce glucose from inorganic substances like carbon dioxide.
  • Even carnivorous plants still use photosynthesis as their primary source of food production but may also digest insects for additional nutrients like nitrogen.
  • Some protists, bacteria, and Archaea are also autotrophs. Euglena is an example that can do photosynthesis but can also be heterotrophic when light is not available.

More Depth on Heterotrophs and Autotrophs

  • The terms "photo" and "chemo" refer to the organism's energy source rather than its carbon source. Photoautotrophs use light as an energy source, while chemoautotrophs use chemical sources such as hydrogen sulfide in deep-sea vents.
  • Humans and other animals are chemoheterotrophs, meaning they consume organic matter for energy. Photoheterotrophs are heterotrophs that rely on light as an energy source, found in some prokaryotes.

New Section

This section discusses the concept of photoheterotrophs and their mode of nutrition, as well as cellular respiration.

Photoheterotrophs

  • Photoheterotrophs are heterotrophs that require organic matter for consumption but also rely on light as an energy source. They are found in certain types of prokaryotes.
  • These organisms perform cellular respiration to break down their food and generate ATP, whether it was consumed or produced by themselves. The specifics of cellular respiration can vary depending on the organism.
Video description

Curious about modes of nutrition? Join the Amoeba Sisters in learning about autotrophs and heterotrophs. Video explains these terms as well as how their carbon source differs. Photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs, and their energy sources, are also discussed! Factual References: Zedalis, Julianne, and John Eggebrecht. Biology for AP® Courses. OpenStax, 2018, Prokaryotic Metabolism, openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/22-3-prokaryotic-metabolism. Reece, J. B., & Campbell, N. A. (2011). Campbell biology. Boston: Benjamin Cummings / Pearson. [regarding velvet ant diet:] http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/cowkiller_velvet_ant [regarding Epsilonproteobacteria being found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents:] https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej2013246 [regarding heliobacteria as photoheterotrophs:] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149686/ ****************************************************************** Further Reading Suggestions: Learn more detail about chemoautotrophs! https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/65/1/1/619918 More detail...such as Chemolithotrophs or Chemoorganotrophs? https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/22-3-prokaryotic-metabolism This paper is interesting regarding Euglena cultivation in heterotrophic conditions https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1008011201437 --------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music?feature=blog COMMUNITY: We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments. TRANSLATIONS: Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us. Our Amoeba Sisters en Español channel has our videos dubbed in Spanish! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1Njo3LBy53cOPngz6ArV8Q