الحقوق المدنية والسياسية التربية على المواطنة الثانية اعدادي الدورة الثانية الدرس 7 +ملخص في اخر..
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Overview of the International Covenant
- The International Covenant was implemented internationally on December 16, 1906, with Morocco ratifying it on May 3, 1909.
- This covenant establishes binding obligations for countries that have ratified it, focusing on civil and political rights.
Political System and Human Rights
- A political system that respects human rights is essential for ensuring all rights are upheld; thus, there is a conditional link between democracy and political human rights.
Key Civil and Political Rights in Moroccan Constitution
- The discussion transitions to examining key civil and political rights as outlined in the Moroccan Constitution alongside the International Covenant.
Civil Rights
- Article 23 of the Moroccan Constitution states that no individual may be arrested or detained except under specific conditions and procedures established by law.
- Article 7 of the International Covenant prohibits torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, emphasizing protection for individuals.
Right to Information
- Article 19 of the International Covenant guarantees every individual freedom of expression, including access to information held by public authorities. This right extends to seeking information from any source.
Religious Freedom
- The Moroccan Constitution recognizes Islam as the state religion while allowing individuals freedom to practice their religious beliefs without coercion (Article 18 of the International Covenant). Individuals can choose their faith freely.
- Article 25 of the Moroccan Constitution ensures freedom of thought, opinion, and expression in all forms. This aligns with Article 19 of the International Covenant regarding freedom of expression without interference.
Summary of Key Political Rights
- The discussion highlights several critical political rights:
- Right to express opinions through various media channels.
- Right for citizens to participate politically by joining parties or unions.
- Freedom to practice religious rituals as per personal choice.
- Recognition of collective rights such as self-determination for peoples (including economic and cultural rights).
Conclusion: Essential Rights Under National Law
- Important political rights enshrined in both international covenants include:
- Right to free expression.
- Participation in governance.
- Protection against arbitrary actions like invasion into privacy (e.g., correspondence confidentiality).
- Citizens' right to receive information securely while enjoying protection from state interference.