UP Police GS Class | UP Police GS Practice Set 02 | UPP GS MCQs | UP Police Constable GS 2026

Introduction and Apology

Class Overview and Initial Issues

• The speaker greets the audience, expressing hope that everyone is doing well. They mention experiencing a migraine, which affected their ability to conduct the previous class.

• The speaker acknowledges making minor factual errors during the last session and apologizes for these mistakes, promising to correct them today.

• A commitment is made to ensure no further corrections will be needed in future classes, asking students for forgiveness with a thumbs-up gesture.

Class Content Recap

Review of Previous Questions

• The speaker prompts students to recall five questions from the last class regarding constitutional schedules and historical facts.

• Total number of schedules in the Constitution: 12 (originally 8).

• Location of Harappa: on the banks of the Ravi River.

• Source of "Satyamev Jayate": derived from Mundaka Upanishad.

• Smallest state by area: Goa.

• Tropic of Cancer's passage through Tamil Nadu: it does not pass through Tamil Nadu.

Constitution Assembly Discussion

Historical Context

• The discussion shifts to who first proposed the idea of a Constituent Assembly for India, identifying M.A. Roy as the proponent in his book "India in Transition" published in 1934.

• The speaker explains that Bal Gangadhar Tilak was responsible for presenting an indirect demand for a constitution in 1895, followed by Mahatma Gandhi's proposal in Young India in 1922.

Important Dates and Proposals

Key Historical Milestones

• Full Swaraj proposal was presented by Gandhi in Young India in 1929; this necessitated a Constituent Assembly.

• Clarification on meetings related to proposals; specifically mentioning that there were significant discussions around December 13, 1946.

Seventh Schedule Insights

Division of Powers

• Discussion about India's Seventh Schedule concerning powers distribution among central and state governments; it includes three lists:

• Union List: laws made by Central Government.

• State List: laws made by State Governments.

• Concurrent List: both can legislate but if there's conflict, Central law prevails unless stated otherwise.

Understanding the Changes in Indian Constitutional Lists

Overview of Constitutional Subjects

• The Indian Constitution categorizes subjects into three lists: Union, State, and Concurrent. Initially, there were 97 subjects in the Union List, which has now increased to 100.

• The State List originally contained 66 subjects but has been reduced to 61. This indicates a decrease in state powers regarding legislative matters.

• The Concurrent List started with 47 subjects and has expanded to 52. This reflects an increase in areas where both the central and state governments can legislate.

Impact of the 42nd Amendment

• The changes in subject numbers are attributed to the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution, enacted in 1976. It is often referred to as a "mini constitution."

• The amendment resulted in five subjects being removed from the State List and added to the Concurrent List, thereby increasing central authority while reducing state power.

Key Concepts from the Preamble of the Indian Constitution

Fundamental Ideals

• The Preamble emphasizes ideals such as freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship. These freedoms are crucial for individual rights within a democratic framework.

Sources of Inspiration

• The concept for India's Preamble was inspired by that of the United States (USA), while its language was influenced by Australia’s constitutional text.

Historical Context of Constitutional Development

Objective Resolution

• The Objective Resolution was presented on December 13, 1946. It laid down foundational principles for drafting the Constitution.

• This resolution was accepted on January 22, 1947, marking a significant step towards establishing India’s constitutional framework.

Adoption of Constitution

• India adopted its Constitution on January 26, 1950. This date is celebrated as Republic Day when India officially became a republic.

Philosophical Underpinnings from Ancient Texts

Reference to Upanishads

• Philosophical concepts related to light overcoming darkness are referenced from ancient texts like Upanishads; specifically mentioned is "Tamso Ma Jyotirgamaya."

Notable Upanishads

• Among various Upanishads discussed is Brihadaranyaka Upanishad which holds significance due to its comprehensive teachings.

The Concept of Ashrams in Jabalopanishad

Four Stages of Life

• Jabalopanishad outlines four stages (Ashrams): Brahmacharya (student life), Grihastha (householder), Vanaprastha (hermit stage), and Sannyasa (renounced life).

Importance of Grihastha Stage

• Grihastha is considered vital as it sustains societal structure through family responsibilities while also supporting other stages indirectly through resources.

What is the Significance of Mohenjo-Daro?

Overview of Ancient Civilizations

• The discussion begins with identifying which ashram is considered significant, highlighting that it is a household or domestic setting.

• Mohenjo-Daro, discovered by R.D. Banerjee in 1922, translates to "Mound of the Dead" and is noted for its peculiar name.

• Mohenjo-Daro is located on the banks of the Indus River and is referred to as a twin city to Harappa.

Key Discoveries at Mohenjo-Daro

• Significant structures found include a large bathing area known as the Great Bath, believed to be used for rituals.

• Another important structure mentioned is a granary where food was stored, indicating advanced agricultural practices.

Understanding Ancient Indian Rivers and Their Names

Historical River Names

• The ancient name for Vyasa is identified as Vipasha; this leads into discussions about other river names.

• Ravi refers to a male figure in mythology; similarly, other rivers like Jhelum (Vitastha), Sutlej (Shatudri), and Gomati (Gomal) are discussed.

Connections Between Rivers and Mythology

• The connection between river names and their historical significance emphasizes cultural narratives tied to geography.

Foundational Philosophers in Hindu Philosophy

Six Schools of Thought

• Discussion shifts towards key figures in Hindu philosophy: Kapila for Samkhya, Patanjali for Yoga, Gautama for Nyaya, Badarayana for Uttara Mimamsa, and Jaimini for Purva Mimamsa.

• Each philosopher's contributions are briefly outlined along with their respective schools of thought.

Demographics and Geography Insights

Population Statistics

• Uttar Pradesh emerges as the most populous state in India while Sikkim has been noted as one of the least populated states.

Union Territories Comparison

• Delhi stands out as having the highest population among union territories while Lakshadweep has been identified as having the lowest population.

Geopolitical Divisions: Understanding Parallel Lines

38th Parallel Line Significance

• The 38th parallel line divides North Korea from South Korea; it also connects back to previous studies regarding geographical divisions such as Radcliffe Line between India and Pakistan.

Geopolitical Boundaries and Historical Context

Understanding Key Geographical Divisions

• The discussion begins with the mention of geopolitical boundaries between the USA and Canada, emphasizing their significance in international relations.

• The speaker references the McMahon Line, which demarcates the boundary between India and China, highlighting its importance as a Line of Actual Control (LAC).

• The Maginot Line is introduced as a historical defense line between France and Germany, illustrating how geographical features can influence military strategy.

• The Hindenburg Line is noted as another significant boundary, this time between Germany and Poland, further emphasizing the theme of territorial disputes.

Territorial Claims Post-Independence

• A query about territories occupied by Pakistan since 1947 leads to discussions on specific regions like Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK), underscoring ongoing conflicts in South Asia.

• The speaker mentions the 38th parallel as a dividing line between North Korea and South Korea, drawing parallels with other geopolitical divisions discussed earlier.

Upcoming Global Events: FIFA World Cup 2026

Countries Involved in Hosting

• The upcoming FIFA World Cup in 2026 will be co-hosted by the USA, Canada, and Mexico, showcasing collaboration among neighboring countries for major events.

• Argentina is identified as the current champion after defeating France in the previous tournament; Brazil holds the record for most wins at five championships.

Rivers and Their Significance

Brahmaputra River System

• Discussion shifts to rivers with a focus on Brahmaputra's tributaries such as Dihang (or Siang) flowing through Arunachal Pradesh before entering Assam. This highlights regional geography's impact on culture and economy.

• Key tributaries mentioned include Lohit, Subansiri, Kameng, and Dhanashri; understanding these rivers is crucial for grasping local ecosystems and hydrology.

Equatorial Geography

• An explanation follows regarding how Earth's axial tilt affects sunlight distribution across different latitudes; specifically mentioning that vertical rays hit at the equator or "Vishuvat Rekha."

Significant Rivers Crossing Latitude Lines

Major Rivers Intersecting Tropics

• Mahi River is noted for crossing the Tropic of Cancer twice while Limpopo River does so with Tropic of Capricorn; both are essential geographical markers relevant to climate studies.

Equatorial Crossings

• Congo River is highlighted for crossing the equator twice; this emphasizes its geographical importance within Africa's river systems.

Industrial Revolution Insights: Manchester

Historical Context of Industrial Growth

• Manchester is described as England’s industrial hub where cotton textile manufacturing flourished during early industrialization—setting a precedent for future industrial cities globally.

Comparisons with Indian Cities

• Coimbatore is referred to as "the Manchester of South India," indicating its similar role in textile production within India compared to Manchester's historical significance in England.

What is India's Manchester?

Ahmedabad as India's Manchester

• The term "India's Manchester" refers to Ahmedabad, recognized as the first industrial city in the world.

• This designation highlights Ahmedabad's significance in India's textile industry and overall economic development.

Understanding Legislative Structures in Uttar Pradesh

Composition of Legislative Bodies

• Uttar Pradesh has a bicameral legislature, consisting of two houses: the Vidhan Parishad (Upper House) and the Vidhan Sabha (Lower House).

• The Vidhan Sabha comprises 403 seats for Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), while the Vidhan Parishad has 100 seats.

Formation and History of the Vidhan Parishad

Establishment Details

• The formation of the Vidhan Parishad can be proposed by state authorities but requires final approval from Parliament.

• Article 169 of the Indian Constitution allows for both creation and dissolution of legislative councils at state levels.

• The establishment date for Uttar Pradesh's Vidhan Parishad is noted as 1937, following provisions from the Government of India Act, 1935.

Historical Context: First Daily Newspaper in UP

Hindustan Newspaper

• The first daily newspaper published in Uttar Pradesh was "Hindustan," which started circulation in 1887 under editor Madan Mohan Malviya.

First Newspaper in India

Bengal Gazette

• "The Bengal Gazette," established by James Augustus Hickey in 1780, is recognized as India's first newspaper.

James Augustus Hickey: Father of Indian Press

Contributions to Journalism

• James Augustus Hickey is referred to as the father of Indian press due to his pioneering efforts with "The Bengal Gazette."

Social Media Hiring Trends

Recruitment via Social Media

• Corporate organizations increasingly utilize social media platforms for recruitment purposes, termed social media hiring or social recruiting.

Cyber Crime Awareness and Initiatives

Cyber Police Station Establishment

• Bengaluru hosts India's first cyber police station, established in 2001 to combat rising cyber crimes effectively.

Information Technology Act Overview

Key Legislation Dates

• The Information Technology Act was enacted in 2000 to regulate cyber activities and ensure legal recognition for electronic transactions.

National Cyber Security Policy Introduction

Purpose and Implementation Date

• Introduced in 2013, this policy aims to safeguard national interests against potential cyber threats through comprehensive security measures.

Equality Before Law Conceptualization

Legal Framework Insights

• Equality before law is emphasized within constitutional articles that advocate freedom and equality among citizens.

Understanding Rights and Laws in India

Right to Privacy

• The right to privacy is defined as the right to keep personal matters private, emphasizing the importance of respecting individual privacy.

• The concept of privacy is reinforced by stating that it should be respected between two individuals, ensuring confidentiality.

Marriage Rights

• Article 16 discusses the right to marriage, highlighting its significance in personal freedom and societal norms.

• Emphasizes that freedom and equality are fundamental rights; discrimination occurs when individuals are treated differently despite being similar.

Legal Framework for Internal Security

• Discusses laws aimed at stabilizing internal security in India, particularly focusing on preventing unlawful activities.

• The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act was established in 1967 to maintain national stability by curbing terrorism and separatism.

National Security Legislation

• Introduces the National Security Act (NSA), enacted in 1980, which aims to protect national security against threats.

• Mentions TADA (Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Prevention Act), introduced in 1985, which was also focused on national security until it lapsed in 1995.

Human Rights vs. Fundamental Rights

• Clarifies the distinction between human rights and fundamental rights as outlined in India's Constitution; emphasizes a broader context of human rights declarations made globally.

• Refers to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted on December 10, 1948, consisting of 30 articles distinct from constitutional provisions.

Counter-Terrorism Measures

• Discusses the establishment of NET Grid post-Mumbai attacks in 2008 aimed at enhancing India's counter-terrorism capabilities through intelligence sharing.

• NET Grid collects intelligence from various platforms to assist agencies responsible for national security.

Foreign Direct Investment Regulations

• Explains regulations regarding Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), specifically mentioning a cap of 100% for retail sectors under certain conditions.

This structured summary provides an overview of key discussions surrounding rights, legal frameworks, and measures related to internal security within India. Each point links back to specific timestamps for further exploration.

Understanding Intellectual Property and Rights

Concept of Intangible Assets

• Discussion on patents emphasizes that they do not have a physical form, making them intangible assets. Their value is significant, categorizing them as property.

Human Rights vs. Fundamental Rights

• Clarification on the distinction between fundamental rights provided by the constitution and human rights recognized globally since December 10, 1948.

Government Schemes for Farmers

• Introduction to the Kisan Credit Card Scheme initiated in 1998, which provides loans to farmers under government support.

Implementation of Agricultural Schemes

• The R.V. Gupta Committee played a role in establishing agricultural schemes, with NABARD responsible for their implementation.

Key Agricultural Initiatives

• Mention of various government initiatives:

• Prime Minister's Agricultural Irrigation Scheme.

• Crop Insurance Scheme launched in 2016.

PM Kisan Samman Nidhi

• Overview of the PM Kisan Samman Nidhi scheme started on February 24, 2019, providing ₹6000 annually to farmers.

Important National Days and Observances

• International Kite Festival celebrated on January 14 coinciding with Makar Sankranti; discussion about other important days like Louis Braille Day (January 4), World Hindi Day (January 10), and Army Day (January 15).

Additional Observances in January

• Notable observances include:

• Parakram Diwas on January 23 honoring Subhas Chandra Bose.

• National Girl Child Day on January 24 alongside International Education Day.

Shortcuts for Excel Functions

• Explanation of keyboard shortcuts used in Excel:

• Ctrl + F for finding items.

• Ctrl + C for copying selected content.

• Ctrl + V for pasting copied content.

Micro Irrigation and NABARD

Introduction to Micro Irrigation

• Micro irrigation is emphasized as a method that optimizes every drop of water for agricultural use, enhancing crop yield.

• NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) has taken the responsibility to implement micro irrigation practices.

Background on NABARD

• NABARD was established on July 12, 1982, with its headquarters located in Mumbai.

Nobel Prize Insights

Amartya Sen's Achievements

• Amartya Sen became the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998.

• He also received the Bharat Ratna award in 1999.

Notable Figures and Awards

• Indira Gandhi never won a Nobel Prize; she was awarded the Bharat Ratna instead.

• Rabindranath Tagore was the first recipient of a Nobel Prize from India, awarded in 1913 for his work "Gitanjali."

Scientific Contributions and Discoveries

First Asian Scientist to Win Nobel

• C.V. Raman was recognized as the first Asian scientist to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded in Physics in 1930 for the Raman Effect.

Key Scientific Discoveries

• The discussion includes various scientific discoveries such as:

• Nuclear fission discovered by Otto Hahn.

• Atomic nucleus identified by Ernest Rutherford.

• Polonium associated with Marie Curie.

Currency Knowledge

Currency Overview

• Myanmar's currency is discussed alongside others like Sri Lanka's Rupee and Afghanistan's Afghani.

Chinese Currency Details

• China's currency is Renminbi, with its basic unit being Yuan.

Famous Personalities and Their Works

Contributions of Notable Scientists

• X-ray discovery attributed to Wilhelm Röntgen.

• Neutron discovered by James Chadwick.

Literature and Sports Personalities

• Mithali Raj’s autobiography titled "The Golden Girl" is mentioned along with P.T. Usha’s nicknames: "Payoli Express" and "Flying Fairy."

• P.T. Usha serves as the first female president of the Indian Olympic Association.

PT Usha and Indian Sports Icons

Introduction to PT Usha

• PT Usha is associated with the Olympic Committee, representing a significant figure in Indian athletics.

• Recently, she faced personal loss with the passing of her husband, indicating a challenging time for her.

Mithali Raj: The Lady Tendulkar

• Mithali Raj is referred to as "Lady Tendulkar" due to being the highest run-scorer in women's cricket globally.

• Her achievements highlight the prominence of women in sports and their contributions to cricket.

Notable Books by Sports Personalities

• "The Test of My Life" by Yuvraj Singh discusses his battle with cancer, emphasizing resilience.

• "The Race of My Life" by Milkha Singh showcases his journey and struggles as an athlete.

• "A Century Is Not Enough" by Sourav Ganguly reflects on his experiences as a cricketer and former BCCI president.

Neeraj Chopra: The Golden Boy

• Neeraj Chopra is celebrated as the "Golden Boy," recognized for his achievements in javelin throw.

• His success serves as inspiration for aspiring athletes, particularly in track and field events.

Importance of Education and Support Systems

• Emphasizes the need for continuous learning and support from parents regardless of financial status.

• Highlights two types of individuals: those who empower their parents versus those who burden them; stressing the importance of being supportive children.

First Indian Woman to Score a T20 Century

Historical Achievement in Women's Cricket

• Harmanpreet Kaur became the first Indian woman to score a century (103 runs off 51 balls) in international T20 cricket.

• This milestone occurred during 2018, marking a significant achievement for women's cricket in India.

Cultural Significance of Currency Notes

UNESCO Heritage Sites Featured on Currency

• Discusses various Indian currency notes featuring UNESCO World Heritage sites like Konark Sun Temple on ₹10 notes.

• ₹20 notes feature Ellora Caves; ₹50 notes represent Hampi monuments; highlighting India's rich cultural heritage through currency design.

Humorous Take on Currency Values

• A light-hearted discussion about how different denominations can be associated with various cultural references or activities (e.g., drinking).

GST Law Insights

Introduction to GST Legislation

• The GST Act was approved by the President of India on April 12, 2017, marking its implementation date.

Global Context of GST Adoption

• France was noted as the first country to adopt GST; India ranks as the 161st nation to implement this tax system.

Constitutional Amendments Related to GST

• Discusses constitutional amendments related to GST laws including Bill vs. Act distinctions—highlighting legislative processes involved.

This structured summary captures key insights from each segment while providing timestamps for easy reference.

What is the Ramsar Convention and its Significance?

Introduction to Ramsar Sites

• The discussion begins with a question about which site was nominated as India's first Ramsar site under the Ramsar Convention, highlighting the importance of wetlands.

• Wetlands are described as crucial ecosystems that act like the lungs of the Earth, helping to replenish groundwater and providing drinking water.

History of the Ramsar Convention

• The Ramsar Convention was established on February 2, 1971, in Iran, aiming to protect wetlands globally due to their ecological significance.

• India joined the convention in 1982, having already nominated two sites—Chilika Lake and Keoladeo National Park—in 1981.

Current Status of Ramsar Sites in India

• As of now, there are 98 designated Ramsar sites in India. Tamil Nadu has the highest number of these sites.

• The largest Ramsar site is Sundarbans, while Renuka Wetland in Himachal Pradesh is noted as the smallest.

Understanding Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Definition and Examples

• A non-renewable energy source is defined as one that cannot be replenished once consumed; examples include fossil fuels like crude oil.

• In contrast, renewable sources such as solar and wind energy can be regenerated after use.

Key Figures in Radioactivity Discovery

Contributions to Radioactivity Research

• Henri Becquerel is credited with discovering radioactivity. Marie Curie is associated with significant advancements related to this field.

• Curie's work includes discoveries related to polonium and radium; she received Nobel Prizes for her contributions alongside her husband.

Classification of Radiation Types

• Ernest Rutherford classified radiation into three types: alpha, beta, and gamma rays. This classification remains fundamental in understanding radioactive materials.

Cell Biology Terminology

Study Areas within Biology

• Cytology refers specifically to the study of cells. Other fields mentioned include floriculture (study of flower cultivation) and horticulture (related to fruits and vegetables).

Notable Cell Facts

• The largest cell known is an ostrich egg; conversely, mycoplasma represents one of the smallest known cells.

Recent Notable Deaths and Their Contributions to Various Fields

Overview of Recent Deaths

• The speaker discusses the recent passing of notable individuals, starting with Manoj Kothari, who was associated with billiards.

• The speaker mentions the death of Dharmendra, an artist who received the Padma Vibhushan award for his contributions to acting in the arts.

• Acknowledgment of Ram V. Sutar's death, a renowned sculptor known for his significant works; the audience is encouraged to research his contributions.

Political Figures and Their Impact

• Discussion includes Vijay Rupani, former Chief Minister of Gujarat, highlighting his political significance and recent passing.

• Shibu Soren is mentioned as another political figure who has passed away; he served as a former Chief Minister of Jharkhand.

Class Structure and Learning Resources

• The speaker emphasizes daily practice sessions and encourages students to prepare by reviewing materials before class.

• Instructions are provided on accessing PDF class notes through the "Rojgar Vid Angkit" app, detailing how to navigate folders for current affairs content.

Importance of Engagement in Learning

• The speaker stresses maintaining focus during lessons and warns against distractions that could hinder understanding.

• A question is posed regarding the number of subjects currently listed in the Union List, prompting student engagement and reflection on their learning experience.