Entrevista con Sergio Fajardo, candidato de centro a la Presidencia de Colombia | CAMBIO

Introduction to Sergio Fajardo

Welcoming Remarks

• The host welcomes Sergio Fajardo, a presidential candidate, expressing pleasure at his presence and noting a change in his demeanor.

• Fajardo is described as appearing more relaxed and content compared to previous appearances.

Discussion on Security Policy

Announcement of New Security Plan

• Fajardo announces the end of the "Paz Total" model, stating it has been a complete failure with severe consequences for Colombia.

• He emphasizes the rising criminality linked to drug trafficking affecting both rural and urban areas across Colombia.

Personal Experience and Observations

• Fajardo reflects on his experiences traveling throughout Colombia, highlighting the alarming state of security.

• He asserts that addressing security issues is not merely an extreme right-wing narrative but a pressing reality impacting citizens nationwide.

Commitment to Governance

Plans for Strengthening Public Forces

• On August 8th at 7 AM, he plans to present strategies for enhancing public safety forces, emphasizing discipline and rigor in governance.

• He notes the dramatic deterioration of public force morale and operational capacity in Colombia.

Challenges Faced by Law Enforcement

• Fajardo discusses logistical challenges faced by law enforcement, such as non-operational helicopters crucial for combating crime.

Critique of Current Administration's Approach

Concerns Over Leadership Decisions

• He critiques the current administration's handling of police welfare claims while questioning their effectiveness in managing internal corruption within law enforcement.

Importance of Cohesion in Security Forces

• Emphasizes that effective leadership requires integrating teams with clear objectives; he believes this has been lacking under the current president.

The Need for Reform

Addressing Systemic Issues

• Fajardo highlights ongoing issues within police leadership appointments, indicating instability due to frequent changes among commanders.

Call for Accountability

• He stresses that acknowledging corruption is essential but warns against generalizing about all members of law enforcement based on isolated incidents.

Military Options and Peace Processes in Colombia

The Ineffectiveness of Military and Peace Strategies

• The speaker discusses the dual approach to conflict resolution in Colombia, highlighting that both military options and peace processes have not been effective over the past 50 years.

• Emphasizes the importance of learning from past experiences in peace negotiations, noting that failure to adapt leads to repeated mistakes.

• Critiques the "total peace" process for withdrawing public force from conflict zones, arguing this has led to increased criminality rather than stability.

• Points out that weakening public security forces has tangible consequences on territorial control, citing specific regions like Catatumbo and Chocó as examples of this failure.

• Expresses disappointment with President Petro's inconsistent leadership style, suggesting it reflects poor governance impacting peace efforts.

Lessons Learned from Past Experiences

• The speaker stresses the necessity of a strong public force for successful negotiation processes, indicating that without it, meaningful dialogue is impossible.

• Reflecting on previous administrations, he notes that a lack of military strength can hinder future negotiations and calls for a more confrontational stance if necessary.

• Advocates for negotiating amidst conflict while ensuring proper verification mechanisms are in place based on lessons learned from prior attempts at peace talks.

• Shares personal anecdotes about involvement in peace facilitation since 1995 under President Uribe’s administration, emphasizing his firsthand experience with Colombia's complex conflict landscape.

• Asserts that effective negotiation requires understanding each party's strengths and weaknesses; currently, Colombia's weakened public force complicates this dynamic.

Current Challenges in Negotiation Framework

• Highlights the absence of a robust law governing submission to negotiations as a significant barrier to progress within current political timelines.

• Warns against using negotiations for electoral gain, referencing past instances where such tactics undermined genuine efforts toward lasting peace agreements.

• Discusses concerns regarding Salvatore Mancuso’s role as a "peace manager," questioning the seriousness of such appointments amid chaotic conditions surrounding them.

• Raises doubts about Mancuso’s credibility after his resignation due to perceived disorder within negotiation frameworks; emphasizes need for serious leadership in these discussions.

• Concludes by reiterating the importance of experienced individuals leading peace initiatives rather than relying on disorganized or politically motivated figures.

Discussion on Peace and Security in Colombia

Current State of Peace Efforts

• The speaker expresses frustration over the lack of clarity regarding peace efforts, highlighting that Mancuso has been reappointed as a peace manager until August 6, 2026. This raises concerns about the seriousness of ongoing discussions.

• Emphasizing the need for order amidst chaos, the speaker insists on presenting a genuine law for submission to address changing conflict conditions, indicating that security has overshadowed education in current discussions.

Learning from Past Negotiations

• The speaker stresses the importance of understanding past peace processes with respect to public order and conflict management, referencing La Habana and Ralito negotiations which had different approaches.

• The La Habana process focused on truth and reparations while Ralito aimed for quick demobilization. Both processes had strengths and weaknesses that should inform future strategies.

Evaluating Justice Models

• The discussion highlights criticisms of the paramilitary justice model due to its perceived lack of contributions to truth-telling despite having valuable information documented.

• Acknowledging both models' outcomes prompts reflection on what worked well or poorly in each case, emphasizing the complexity of evaluating their effectiveness.

Challenges in Implementation

• The speaker notes that while some aspects of previous processes were beneficial, unresolved issues remain. There is an acknowledgment that contemporary crime levels complicate these challenges significantly.

• Transitioning from analysis to action is crucial; the speaker identifies their role as one focused on governance rather than political commentary, aiming to build upon existing frameworks for progress.

Addressing Pedagogical Failures

• Reflecting on pedagogical shortcomings during La Habana's implementation reveals difficulties in explaining transitional justice concepts effectively to the public.

• The need for wisdom in communicating these complex ideas is emphasized; failure to do so can lead to public misunderstanding and resentment towards former criminals receiving leniency under transitional justice policies.

Historical Context and Future Directions

• The speaker acknowledges historical failures such as losing a plebiscite but emphasizes moving forward despite challenging circumstances. They express a desire for better leadership conditions but recognize current realities must be addressed head-on.

• Observers note that security crises today stem partly from neglect by previous administrations regarding peace agreement implementations, underscoring ongoing challenges faced by current leadership.

Implementation of the Havana Agreements

Challenges in Implementation

• The speaker emphasizes the need for management, method, and rigor in implementing the Havana agreements, which have been pending since their signing in 2016.

• Questions are raised about the progress of specific initiatives like PEDET municipalities, highlighting a lack of communication and awareness regarding ongoing efforts.

• The speaker expresses frustration with past leadership, particularly President Duque, while acknowledging some positive contributions from individuals like Archila.

Security Concerns and Strategies

• A discussion on security leads to questions about the use of glyphosate; the speaker insists on relying on scientific evidence rather than political motivations.

• The importance of adhering to constitutional rules is stressed when considering measures against narcotrafficking, including potential aerial spraying based on community safety.

Comprehensive Approach to Narcotrafficking

• The strategy against narcotrafficking will focus on three components: territorial issues, community involvement, and logistical chains related to drug trafficking.

• The speaker asserts that Colombia must take primary responsibility for combating narcotrafficking despite external pressures or consumption patterns abroad.

Evolving Conflict Dynamics

• There is a shift away from bombings as a tactic under President Petro's administration due to humanitarian concerns raised during Duque's presidency.

• While acknowledging expert opinions advocating for bombings as a security measure, the speaker clarifies that their approach will not solely rely on such tactics but will consider human rights.

Technological Advancements in Security Measures

• The conversation highlights how criminal organizations are advancing technologically (e.g., using drones), necessitating an evolution in response strategies by law enforcement.

• Emphasis is placed on integrating technology and artificial intelligence into public safety efforts to effectively combat rural and urban crime.

International Cooperation and Security Plans in Colombia

The Importance of International Cooperation

• Emphasizes the necessity of international cooperation, stating that despite personal frustrations, it is essential for governance.

• Acknowledges the absence of political crime in Colombia, highlighting the challenges posed by groups like LN (National Liberation Army), which are labeled as criminal organizations.

Understanding Local Conflicts

• Discusses how certain regions, particularly Arauca, experience a breakdown of state authority where local entities act as quasi-governments.

• Reflects on the deep-rooted nature of conflict in Arauca, where families have connections to guerrilla groups and cooperatives are formed under duress.

Tailored Security Strategies

• Introduces specific security plans for different regions such as Catatumbo, Chocó, and Cauca, emphasizing localized approaches rather than one-size-fits-all solutions from Bogotá.

• Critiques previous government actions regarding military deployments without clear communication or understanding of local conditions.

Accountability and Governance

• Stresses the need for accountability in governance by establishing clear leadership roles within security projects tailored to each region's needs.

• Highlights collaboration with local authorities and communities to design effective security plans that address unique regional challenges.

Urban Crime Challenges

• Points out normalization of crime in urban areas where citizens adapt to dangerous situations like ignoring red lights at night due to fear of robbery.

• Introduces the "Safer Cities" program aimed at addressing urban crime issues exacerbated by extortion linked to organized crime networks.

Addressing Extortion and Criminal Evolution

• Notes that extortion has become a significant issue across Colombian cities, evolving independently from traditional narcotrafficking activities.

• Mentions recent violent incidents in Cali as a catalyst for urgent action on public safety measures starting from August 8th with enhanced police presence.

The Role of Prisons in Crime Dynamics

• Identifies prisons as a source of approximately 50% of extortion cases currently affecting Colombian society, indicating a need for anti-corruption efforts.

Challenges in Colombian Prisons and Youth Criminality

Technological Challenges in Prisons

• Discussion on the presence of mobile phones in prisons raises questions about security measures and technological advancements.

• Emphasis on the need for collaboration with mobile phone companies and the use of artificial intelligence to enhance prison security.

Current State of Law Enforcement

• Overview of police resources, highlighting that approximately 4,000 to 5,000 police officers are managing around 26,000 inmates.

• Mention of successful Gaula groups since 2000, which focus on extortion and kidnapping but face challenges due to lack of reporting.

Issues with Reporting Crime

• Lack of crime reporting is attributed to fear among citizens and ineffective justice systems.

• The emergence of youth gangs in communities lacking opportunities is identified as a significant issue contributing to criminal activity.

Addressing Youth Criminality

• Critique of President Gustavo Petro's policy aimed at paying young people not to engage in violence; perceived as flawed due to its approach.

• Personal connection to Medellín highlights the city's resilience despite historical challenges with crime.

Strategies for Prevention

• Introduction of protective environments for vulnerable youth initiated during previous leadership roles.

• Importance of local governments (mayors and governors) in identifying at-risk youth rather than relying solely on national government initiatives.

Community Involvement

• Role of the Catholic Church emphasized as crucial in community engagement and support for vulnerable populations.

• Call for targeted interventions focusing on individual circumstances affecting youth education and employment opportunities.

Program Execution Challenges

• Criticism directed towards ineffective execution of programs designed to assist youth; funds reportedly mismanaged or unutilized.

Security Team Composition

• Inquiry into the composition of the security team led by Hugo Acero, indicating a structured approach involving various experts.

Clarification on Collaborations

• Clarification that General Óscar Naranjo is not part of the current security plan despite past discussions.

Discussion on Political Alliances and Personal Beliefs

Perspectives on Leadership and Collaboration

• The speaker emphasizes the seriousness of political discussions, highlighting that the presidency in Colombia is a significant matter that requires thoughtful dialogue.

• Acknowledges General Narajo's valuable experience for the country, suggesting that listening to diverse perspectives can enhance governance.

• Discusses the challenges faced as a leader during difficult times, indicating a need for strategic alliances despite accusations of being inflexible.

Coalition Building in Congress

• The speaker reflects on past alliances made with various groups, countering claims of unwillingness to collaborate politically.

• Mentions forming a coalition with multiple parties for congressional lists, including Compromiso Ciudadano and Nuevo Liberalismo, indicating ongoing negotiations within this framework.

• Addresses internal conflicts regarding leadership roles within the coalition, specifically mentioning Alejandro Gaviria's candidacy amidst uncertainty.

Navigating Political Dynamics

• Highlights the importance of understanding differing party ideologies while working towards common goals without letting disagreements hinder collaboration.

• The speaker identifies key figures in Colombian politics involved in these coalitions and acknowledges their varying viewpoints.

Personal Spirituality and Growth

• Clarifies personal beliefs by stating he is not traditionally religious but possesses spiritual values shaped by his Catholic upbringing.

• Shares insights into his evolving spirituality over time, reflecting on how life experiences have influenced his beliefs about solidarity and compassion.

Challenges in Political Lists

• Discusses complexities surrounding candidate listings for elections, emphasizing that he has never been part of such lists but remains engaged in political discussions about them.

• Reflects on perceptions regarding his approach to politics and how personal backgrounds shape one's understanding of political dynamics.

Discussion on Political Leadership and Internal Dynamics

Current Political Landscape

• The speaker reflects on the ongoing discussions regarding political leadership, particularly mentioning Jorge Robledo as a potential leader, emphasizing that decisions are not solely up to him.

• There is mention of internal discussions within three political groups about Alejandro Gaviria's candidacy for leadership, indicating that no final decision has been made yet.

Personal Anecdote and Communication

• The speaker shares a personal story from a recent trip to Mexico where he received a call about the undecided leadership situation while exercising, highlighting the informal nature of these discussions.

• He reassures his team to remain calm amidst political uncertainties, stressing that they will resolve issues effectively.

Challenges in Politics

• The speaker acknowledges the complexities of congressional politics compared to presidential politics, suggesting that navigating these challenges requires strategic thinking.

• He mentions other potential candidates like Juan Manuel Galán and Jorge Robledo, noting their aspirations and contributions to the Senate.

Reflections on Collaboration

• The speaker discusses his past opposition with Robledo but recognizes his integrity and commitment against corruption, indicating an evolution in their political relationship.

• He emphasizes the importance of ethical standards in politics despite differing economic views with Robledo.

Future Political Strategies

• The conversation shifts towards upcoming elections and strategies for collaboration among various candidates while maintaining individual ambitions.

• The speaker expresses openness to future collaborations but insists on focusing on current campaigns without distractions from external noise.

Evolution of Leadership Style

• Reflecting on personal growth, he notes changes in his communication style influenced by social media engagement and learning from past experiences.

• He describes himself as still being an educator but adapting his approach to be more relatable and effective in public discourse.

Moving Forward

• Emphasizing resilience, he states he is not nostalgic or resentful about past challenges; instead, he focuses on moving forward positively with new strategies.

• He concludes by reiterating the importance of open dialogue among candidates while acknowledging ongoing campaign efforts.

Conversation Insights and Political Stance

Open Dialogue in Politics

• The speaker emphasizes the importance of listening during conversations, particularly in politics, where genuine attention is often lacking.

• There is a discussion about the perception of the speaker as "tibio" (lukewarm) or centrist, with contrasting views labeling him as either right-wing or leftist.

Emerging Political Figures

• New political figures are emerging on the right, including Vicky Dávila and Juan Carlos Pinzón, although they currently lack significant polling support.

• Abelardo de la Espriella expresses admiration for the speaker, calling him a decent person and suggesting potential collaboration.

Governance Experience

• The speaker reflects on his governance experience, asserting he has led effectively without engaging in underhanded tactics.

• He highlights successful urban planning initiatives in Medellín that transformed perceptions of previously troubled areas.

Decency vs. Polarization

• The speaker addresses accusations of being a "wolf in sheep's clothing," affirming his commitment to decency amidst political polarization.

• He advocates for respectful discourse and asserts that one can disagree politically without becoming enemies.

Strategic Alliances and Red Lines

• The conversation touches on strategic alliances within Colombian politics; candidates should have clear boundaries regarding whom they will collaborate with.

• The speaker firmly states he cannot align with those who promote violence against opposing ideologies, emphasizing a need for constructive dialogue instead.

Vision for Unity

• He expresses determination to stay focused on his path forward while respecting all individuals involved in politics.

• The speaker aims to unite Colombia through inclusive dialogue rather than divisive rhetoric, indicating a desire for collaboration across various political factions.

Political Dynamics in Colombia

Understanding Political Alliances

• The speaker emphasizes the importance of recognizing valuable individuals across various political segments in Colombia to foster unity.

• They acknowledge that while there may be valuable aspects within Petro's project, it is ultimately Petro himself who represents this initiative.

Insights from Recent Interviews

• The speaker references an interview with María Ángela Holguín, expressing concern over the political climate and sharing her reluctance to engage with certain media portrayals.

• They highlight a troubling incident during a Council of Ministers meeting where a minister was treated poorly, questioning the leadership qualities of those in power.

Critique of Current Leadership

• The speaker critiques the current administration for failing to respect leaders and suggests that blaming external forces (like wealthy elites or media) is unproductive.

• They express skepticism about whether meaningful change can emerge from current leadership dynamics, emphasizing transparency and accountability as essential values.

Addressing Corruption and Education

• The conversation shifts towards corruption being a significant issue overshadowed by security concerns in recent discussions.

• Despite shifting priorities, the speaker insists on the enduring importance of education as a foundational element for progress.