Congressional ELECTIONS [AP Gov Review, Unit 5 Topic 9 (5.9)]

Congressional Elections Explained

Overview of Congressional Elections

• The video introduces the topic of congressional elections, emphasizing their significance in the AP government curriculum.

• Congressional elections occur every two years, with House members serving 2-year terms and Senators serving 6-year terms, with one-third up for reelection biennially.

• Midterm elections take place halfway through a presidential term, often coinciding with presidential elections, affecting voter turnout.

Voter Turnout and Influencing Factors

• Presidential elections typically see higher voter turnout compared to congressional elections; however, similar factors influence both types of elections.

• The incumbency advantage is a critical factor in congressional races, where approximately 90% of incumbents win reelection.

Reasons for Incumbency Advantage

• Name recognition plays a significant role; voters are more likely to choose candidates they recognize rather than unfamiliar ones.

• Incumbents can showcase their track record and achievements to appeal to constituents during reelection campaigns.

• Established funding sources make it easier for incumbents to campaign effectively due to their proven electoral success.

Campaigning Dynamics

• Incumbents have access to resources such as staff support and free mail services to communicate accomplishments with constituents.

• Gerrymandering creates "safe districts," making it challenging for challengers to unseat incumbents despite its controversial legality.

Candidate Selection Process

• Candidates for Congress are chosen through primary elections, which can be open (any party voter can participate) or closed (only registered party members can vote).