स्वर | swara | सा रे ग म प ध नि | स्वरों के पूरे नाम | full topic of swara|ba music by Parveen Antil

Introduction to Swara (Notes on Musical Notes)

Definition of Swara

• The term "Swara" refers to a sweet and melodious sound that is continuous, pleasant, and naturally appealing to the listener.

• A clear definition emphasizes that Swara is characterized by its sweetness and continuity, making it distinct from other sounds.

Seven Basic Swaras

• The seven basic musical notes are:

• स (Sa)

• रे (Re)

• ग (Ga)

• म (Ma)

• प (Pa)

• ध (Dha)

• नि (Ni)

Types of Swaras

Shuddh and Vikrit Swaras

• There are two forms of swaras: Shuddh (pure) swaras which remain stable at their designated pitch.

• Vikrit swaras are those that deviate from their fixed position either upwards or downwards.

Characteristics of Shuddh and Vikrit

• Shuddh swaras maintain their position without fluctuation, while Vikrit swaras can shift above or below their original pitch.

Subcategories of Vikrit Swaras

Komal and Teevra Swaras

• Vikrit swaras can be further divided into:

• Komal swars: These fall below the standard pitch.

• Teevra swars: These rise above the standard pitch.

Identification Signs for Komal and Teevra

• Komal swars are marked with a horizontal line beneath them, while Teevara has a vertical line above it.

Stability in Certain Notes

Aachal Swar

• Sa and Pa are considered Aachal swars as they do not change; they remain constant in pitch without variations like Komal or Teevra.

Perspectives from Music Scholars

Different Views on Number of Swaras

• According to Maharishi Bharat's Natyashastra, there are seven pure notes plus two additional vikrit notes recognized.

Variations Among Scholars

• Pandit Aval's classification includes seven shuddh notes along with eight komal vikrit notes and fourteen teevra vikrit notes totaling twenty-nine.

Further Classifications by Other Scholars

Additional Insights from Various Experts

• Pandit Vishnu Digambar Pulkar recognizes a total of nineteen notes including seven shuddh and twelve vikrit ones.

Historical Changes in Note Classification

Evolution Over Time

• Bhathkande restructured the classification system for these musical notes based on shruti levels, altering previous arrangements significantly.

Understanding Vadi, Samvadi, Anuvadi, and Vivadi Swar

Key Concepts in Raga Structure

• Vadi Swar is identified as the most important note within a raga where other notes revolve around it frequently.

Importance Hierarchy among Notes

• Samvadi Swar serves as the second most significant note following Vadi Swar but is used less frequently than Vadi yet more than others.

Additional Note Categories

• Anuvadi Swar encompasses all other remaining notes used within a raga aside from Vadi and Samvadi.

Controversial Notes in Ragas

• Vivadi Swar disruptively alters the essence of a raga; it represents forbidden or conflicting tones that contradict established rules.