HISTÓRIA – Crise do Sistema Colonial ENEM
New Section
In this section, Professor Murilo Melo introduces the topic of "The Crisis of the Colonial System" and discusses two significant movements within this crisis: the Minas Gerais movement, known as the Inconfidência Mineira, and the Bahia Conspiracy that followed later.
The Minas Gerais Movement - Inconfidência Mineira
- The movement in Minas Gerais was influenced by the independence of the United States in 1776. It embraced Enlightenment ideals such as freedom, anti-absolutism, liberalism, and a shift towards scientific thinking.
- The movement involved the indebted elite working with minerals like gold who rebelled against crown taxes. Tiradentes became a central figure symbolizing this movement but his iconic appearance was mythologized over time to align with national hero imagery.
The Bahia Conspiracy - Conjuração Baiana
- Influenced by the French Revolution in 1789, nine years later in 1798, the Bahia Conspiracy emerged with popular participation and abolitionist ideals contrasting with Minas Gerais' more limited libertarian goals.
- Martyrs of Bahia were largely forgotten; individuals like Lucas Dantas, Manuel Faustino, Luiz Gonzaga, and João de Deus were executed publicly. Their bodies were displayed in Salvador streets while Tiradentes gained prominence due to being white and from a more educated background.
New Section
This section delves into an Enem question related to Brazil's Independence contextually linked to the Bahia Conspiracy within the colonial system crisis.
Enem Question on Bahia Conspiracy
- The Bahia Conspiracy differed from other Brazilian liberation movements by advocating for economic equality akin to French revolutionary ideas.
- It proposed democratic governance influenced by French Revolution ideals rather than maintaining an elitist bourgeois character or replicating US republican structures.