LENGUA: Los niveles de la lengua: Culto, científico técnico, vulgar, popular y coloquial.

Introduction to Levels of Language

In this video, the speaker introduces the concept of levels of language and their relationship with communication situations and the education level of speakers or writers. The different levels include popular, colloquial, vulgar, and cultured.

Levels of Language

• The levels of language are used to speak or write appropriately in different circumstances.

• They are closely related to the communication situation and the education level of the speaker or writer.

• Differentiating between oral and written communication is important as the requirements differ in each case.

• It is also important to consider whether it is a formal situation (e.g., a class, medical consultation, conference) or an informal one (e.g., conversation among friends).

• Language is a system formed by signs and symbols for communication within a species.

• Within a language, there can be different languages or dialects spoken worldwide.

Substandard Level

• The substandard level includes popular and vulgar sublevels.

• Popular language is commonly used for everyday topics by normal people.

• It includes about 2,000 common words and around 5,000 less frequently used words that are still understood.

• Characteristics include abundant use of adjectives, imprecise quantities, exaggerations, metaphors, incomplete sentences, frequent use of proverbs and sayings, and an emphasis on persuasive language.

• Vulgar language is used by individuals with low education levels and limited vocabulary.

• It often relies on gestures to complement meaning.

• Characteristics include disconnection from the communication situation, local/regional expressions, short phrases/nonsense words/incorrect/incomplete pronouns usage,

obscenities describing situations without logical order,

vulgarisms/barbarisms/errors in syntax/poetic errors.

Standard Level

• The standard level represents a dialect used in a specific territory.

• It is considered the correct form of speaking and writing, rejecting other forms.

• It is a common language for many individuals with specific orthographic rules.

• Examples include conversations between customers and sellers in shops (e.g., butcher, fruit shop).

Colloquial Level

• The colloquial level is used in familiar environments such as family, community, or close friendships.

• It is the most commonly spoken level across languages worldwide.

• Characteristics include relaxed phonetics, less focus on syntax, regular use in daily life, spontaneous expressions,

interjections/phrases/expressions of affection/repetition of diminutives/augmentatives/descriptive words,

improvisation, and ephemerality.

Superstandard Level

• The superstandard level includes cultured and technical/scientific sublevels.

• Cultured language adheres to grammatical and phonetic norms and is typically spoken by educated individuals or in formal situations where errors are not tolerated (e.g., lectures).

Conclusion

The speaker concludes by summarizing the different levels of language discussed in the video.

Cultured Level

• Cultured language follows strict grammatical and phonetic rules.

• It is spoken by highly educated individuals or in formal situations that require precision (e.g., lectures).

Technical/Scientific Level

• The technical/scientific level falls under the superstandard category.

Overall, this video provides an introduction to the concept of levels of language and their relationship with communication situations. It highlights popular, colloquial, vulgar, cultured, and technical/scientific levels.

New Section

The use of language in academic, cultural, and scientific contexts is discussed. Different disciplines have their own specific language conventions.

Language in Different Contexts

• Language can be found in various contexts such as academia, culture, and media.

• In academic or cultural settings, language may be used to discuss topics like literature or historical movements.

• In scientific or technical fields, language serves the purpose of communication within specific disciplines.

• Each discipline has its own language conventions that are defined by usage and based on specialized vocabulary.

• The key characteristic of specialized language is that it is shared exclusively by the community using it.

New Section

Specialized language in science and culture meets the requirements of each discipline. It is objective, precise, logical, and relies on its own set of symbols.

Characteristics of Specialized Language

• Specialized language in science or culture caters to the demands of each respective discipline.

• It aims to be objective, precise, and logical in its communication.

• Its primary function is referential rather than expressive or emotive.

• Specialized language possesses a unique system of symbols and often incorporates anglicisms and acronyms.

• An example can be seen at scientific conferences where participants have a high level of knowledge about the topics being discussed.

New Section

Specialized language in science aims for accuracy and clarity. Ambiguities are avoided to prevent misinterpretations.

Precision in Scientific Language

• Due to its technical nature, precision is crucial when using specialized scientific language.

• Speakers at scientific conferences must carefully choose their words to avoid any ambiguities that could lead to misunderstandings.

• Science prioritizes accuracy over errors; therefore, exactness is highly valued.

New Section

The importance of precision and clarity in scientific language is emphasized, as well as the need to address any remaining doubts.

Final Thoughts

• Science values exactitude and precision over errors.

• If there are any remaining doubts or questions, please feel free to ask for clarification.