CARL GUSTAV JUNG. Padre de la Psicología Analítica (TODA SU TEORÍA RESUMIDA FÁCIL) PSICOANÁLISIS

Introduction to Carl Jung and His Theories

The Beginning of a Theoretical Dispute

• A Wednesday meeting group, initially united in theoretical stances, faced dissolution due to leadership conflicts and differing views on human psyche.

• Introduction of Carl Jung, who experienced a challenging childhood with a mentally ill mother and was influenced by his mentor Eugen Bleuler's work on schizophrenia.

Jung's Early Influences

• Carl Jung is recognized as the father of analytical psychology; he was significantly impacted by Sigmund Freud’s growing fame and controversial theories.

• Jung's difficult upbringing led him to psychiatry, where he became fascinated with Freud’s "The Interpretation of Dreams" through Bleuler.

Jung's Development of Analytical Psychology

Innovations in Psychological Testing

• Jung adapted Freud’s free association technique into a word association test to explore unconscious content more effectively.

• In this test, patients respond to 100 words with immediate associations, revealing underlying psychological conflicts.

Relationship with Freud

• Initially praised by Freud as his successor due to his brilliance and non-Jewish background, tensions arose over loyalty demands from Freud.

• Differences in theoretical perspectives regarding psychoanalysis began to surface between Jung and Freud.

Key Differences Between Jungian and Freudian Theory

Diverging Views on Libido and the Unconscious

• Jung believed that while Freud's theories held some truth, they only represented part of the broader psychological narrative.

• He argued that libido encompasses more than sexual energy; it represents general psychic energy containing various desires.

Concept of Collective Unconscious

• From personal experiences and cultural sources like mythology, Jung proposed the existence of archetypes—universal images shared across humanity.

Understanding Jung's Archetypes

Introduction to Archetypes

• Jung explains that instead of being born as a "tabula rasa," individuals are born with shared memories and ideas, which manifest as archetypes across cultures and time.

• He identifies four primary archetypes: the persona, anima/animus, shadow, and self.

The Persona

• The persona represents the social masks we wear in different situations; it protects the ego from negative perceptions.

• Children learn to adapt their behavior according to societal expectations, leading to the development of this social mask.

Anima and Animus

• The anima is the feminine aspect within the male psyche, while the animus is the masculine aspect within the female psyche.

• These archetypes serve as a bridge to communicate with the collective unconscious and influence gender roles based on personal experiences.

The Shadow

• The shadow encompasses repressed instincts, desires, and weaknesses formed by cultural norms. It includes unacceptable traits like envy or aggression.

• In dreams or visions, shadows may appear in various forms (e.g., monsters), representing chaos and unknown aspects of our psyche.

The Self

• The self symbolizes a unified consciousness and unconsciousness achieved through individuation—a process integrating personality aspects.

• Achieving harmony between conscious thoughts and unconscious conflicts is crucial for psychological well-being.

Collective vs. Personal Unconscious

Contents of Collective Unconscious

• Jung discusses how archetypes represent contents of the collective unconscious while personal unconscious contains affective complexes—emotional images tied to incompatible conscious attitudes.

Conflict Between Unconsciouses

• Individuals often experience conflict due to opposing influences from collective archetypes and personal complexes.

Balancing Personality Dimensions

Psychological Balance

• Ideal psychological health involves balancing tendencies from both types of unconsciousness influenced by personality dimensions.

Personality Theory Development

• Jung introduces four basic psychological functions: thinking (reasoning), feeling (emotional focus), intuition (immediate knowledge), and sensation (sensory information).

Character Types Formation

Understanding Introversion and Extraversion

Characteristics of Extraverted Individuals

• Extraverted individuals are oriented towards the external world, making decisions based on external realities and societal perceptions.

• They often seek to stand out and adapt easily to various contexts, reflecting a strong connection with their environment.

Characteristics of Introverted Individuals

• Introverted individuals focus on their internal feelings and thoughts before considering the outside world, which influences their behavior even against societal expectations.

• They prioritize self-satisfaction over social approval and may find it more challenging to adapt to new situations compared to extraverts.

Types of Personalities Based on Psychological Functions

• Jung identifies eight distinct personality types derived from four basic psychological functions: reflexive-extraverted, reflexive-introverted, sentimental-extraverted, sentimental-introverted, perceptive-extraverted, perceptive-introverted, intuitive-extraverted, and intuitive-introverted.

• An example provided is the perceptive-extraverted personality type that seeks new experiences and prioritizes pleasure and constant interaction with others.

Insights into Perceptive Extraverts

• Perceptive-extraverted individuals tend to get bored quickly, leading them to frequently change partners or environments in search of stimulation.

Jung's Model vs. Freud's Theory

Key Differences in Psychological Models

• Jung emphasizes a balance between introversion and extraversion in his model of the psyche while also introducing the concept of a collective unconscious alongside personal unconsciousness.

• The ego in Jung’s model resolves conflicts arising from both internal desires and external realities while forming an archetype for how one presents themselves to the world.

Archetypes within Jung's Framework

• Jung introduces several archetypes such as the shadow (unresolved conflicts), anima/animus (gender identification), and self (the integration of conscious and unconscious).

• Achieving balance among these elements is crucial; lack thereof can lead to psychological issues stemming from both personal experiences and collective influences.

Legacy of Jungian Psychology

Contributions Beyond Freud's Psychoanalysis

• While not as widely recognized as Freud’s theories, Jung’s contributions include a broader understanding of personal needs beyond sexual motivations.

• His work laid foundational concepts for personality psychology through ideas like introversion/extraversión despite challenges regarding empirical measurement in modern therapy practices.

Critiques of Jungian Therapy

• Critics point out that many aspects of Jungian theory lack objective measurement capabilities; thus they struggle with empirical validation today.