EDWARD TITCHENER Y EL ESTRUCTURALISMO | TEORÍA RESUMIDA CON EJEMPLOS Y EXPERIMENTOS |FT @MuguPiensa

Introduction to Edward Jenner and Structuralism

In this section, the introduction of Edward Jenner, the creator of structuralism, is discussed. His dedication to transmitting knowledge and his conflicts with the American Psychological Association are highlighted.

Edward Jenner's Strong Character

• Edward Jenner is described as having a strong character, maintaining his ideas above all else.

• He is recognized for his persistence in upholding his beliefs in the name of science and respect for psychology as a science.

Structuralism and Immediate Experience

• The concept of immediate experience in structuralism is introduced, emphasizing how individuals perceive and experience time differently based on their mental contents.

• Immediate experiences are influenced by factors such as previous associations, emotional states, and motivational factors.

Elements of Consciousness in Structuralism

This section delves into the elements that constitute consciousness according to structuralism, focusing on images, emotions, and sensations.

Elements of Consciousness

• Three types of structures form conscious experiences: images, emotions, and sensations.

• These structures possess attributes like quality, intensity, duration, and clarity that shape our immediate experiences.

Introspection and Training Methods

• Introspection was used to analyze mental experiences; however, it could be trained to enhance observation skills.

• Rigorous methods were employed in laboratory practices to ensure scientific precision in studying human behavior.

Experimental Approach in Understanding Sensory Perception

This section explores Edward Jenner's experimental approach towards understanding sensory perception through complex experiments.

Experimental Rigor

• Edward Jenner conducted experiments involving thousands of visual and auditory sensations to study sensory perception intricately.

• Demonstrates an optical illusion experiment highlighting how perceptions can be manipulated based on visual cues.

Process of Introspection

• Participants were trained to identify illusions without explicit instructions through gradual observation shifts.

Understanding Structuralism in Psychology

In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of structuralism in psychology and its key components.

Structural Elements of Thought

• Structuralism posits that thoughts consist of a combination of images, emotions, and sensations.

• According to the theory, thoughts are composed of simple structures combined together.

• Willpower is also comprised of these same elements present in our psyche before action.

Criticisms and Limitations

• Thoughts and will are connected through mental images.

• However, it was criticized as subsequent evidence showed that thoughts can exist without mental representations or images.

• The theory was overly empirical, dismissing unmeasurable mental processes and suggesting that the meaning of these processes depended on the context.

• Due to methodological flaws, structuralism is considered to have both originated and ended with its founder.

Impact of Structuralism on Psychology

This part delves into the repercussions of structuralism on psychology as a science.

Influence on Psychological Research

• Despite facing criticism leading to his departure from APA, structuralism played a crucial role in advancing psychology as a scientific discipline.

• Emerging schools like Gestalt, functionalists, and behaviorists rejected some tenets but acknowledged its role in propelling psychology forward through experimental methods.

Methodological Contributions

• Experimental methods led to falsifiable psychological theories and facilitated the development of research protocols and laboratory structures.

• Control over variables and experimenter training became standard practices still prevalent in modern psychological research.

Legacy of Structuralists

• Boring noted that structuralists' influence acted as a catalyst for scientists to challenge their theories using similar empirical methods.