LIVE - Leitura na Educação Infantil: o papel da literatura na ampliação de repertório de mundo

Seminário Lei Sul: Oralidade e Narrativas Infantis

Introdução ao Seminário

• O seminário "Lei Sul: Oralidade e Narrativas Infantis" é apresentado como parte do compromisso nacional de alfabetização infantil, focando na formação em leitura e escrita na educação infantil da região sul.

• A coordenação regional do projeto é realizada por professoras de diferentes universidades nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná.

Objetivos e Estrutura do Evento

• O evento ocorrerá entre os dias 9 a 11 de julho, abordando temas relacionados à oralidade, narrativas e culturas infantis para garantir uma educação infantil de qualidade.

• As atividades incluem três lives com professores renomados na área da Educação Infantil, que serão gravadas e disponibilizadas no canal do YouTube.

Logística da Live

• Não haverá lista de presença durante o seminário; ações formativas relacionadas aos conteúdos serão encaminhadas posteriormente.

• A live será mediada com espaço para perguntas via chat, onde a professora Maria Laura Spengler terá cerca de uma hora para sua apresentação.

Apresentação dos Intérpretes e Palestrante

• Os intérpretes de Libras são Jonas Godói e Joab Barbosa, ambos da UDESC.

• A palestrante Maria Laura Spengler é apresentada como especialista em educação infantil com um extenso currículo acadêmico.

Temática da Palestra

• Maria Laura inicia sua fala agradecendo pela oportunidade e destaca a importância da formação contínua para professores que trabalham com crianças pequenas.

Understanding Early Literacy Development

The Role of Written Language in Childhood

• The speaker introduces Maria Gabriela, emphasizing her access to quality written material at home, which fosters her development as a reader from infancy.

• Maria Gabriela's curiosity about written language is highlighted, showcasing how social conditions influence her understanding and exploration of language.

• Mônica Batista's research is referenced, arguing that engaging with written language in early childhood is essential for cultural production and interaction with the world.

• The importance of writing as a cultural element is discussed; children’s interactions with writing enhance their comprehension and ownership of language.

• The speaker plans to delve into fundamental concepts regarding writing and reading in early education, indicating a shift towards practical examples.

Insights from Literature on Early Writing

• A book by Patricia Aerb titled "Já Sei Ler" (I Already Know How to Read) is introduced as a resource for understanding children's relationship with writing.

• An excerpt from the book illustrates a child's discovery of writing secrets, highlighting the significance of personal experiences in learning to read and write.

• The illustration accompanying the text shows various forms of writing (e.g., lists, notes), emphasizing everyday contexts where children engage with written language.

• The speaker stresses that children's initial writings often revolve around their names and familiar contexts, which are crucial for their linguistic development.

• A video featuring Luca reading highlights how literature can support children’s understanding of their experiences while developing literacy skills.

Conceptualizing Childhood Through Literature

• Luca's engagement with a book during his potty training phase demonstrates how literature can resonate with children's life stages and contribute to their self-awareness.

• Two key concepts related to literary choices for young children are introduced: the need for relatable content that reflects their lived experiences.

• Visual representations contrasting two childhood conceptions are presented: one depicting an idealized adult-like child versus another showing playful innocence in nature.

• These images provoke thought about societal perceptions of childhood—whether viewing children as blank slates needing instruction or as active participants in culture influences educational approaches.

Understanding Contemporary Childhood Perspectives

Traditional vs. Contemporary Views on Childhood

• The traditional view sees children as beings in need of constant teaching, often through literature aimed at instructing them on proper behaviors and norms.

• This perspective is considered outdated, as it assumes children lack the necessary world experience to understand complex themes presented to them.

• A modern understanding recognizes that each child experiences their own unique "infancy," shaped by individual cultural contexts and rights.

• Children are viewed as cultural producers, contributing to contemporary society rather than merely receiving knowledge from adults.

• Literature can serve as a tool for emotional exploration, allowing children to engage with difficult topics like death or parental separation.

The Role of Educators in Child Development

• In educational settings, such as literacy classrooms, there is often a lack of space for children to express their cultural contributions due to pre-prepared materials dominating the environment.

• Educators should invite children to explore and construct culture collaboratively instead of presenting them with ready-made content.

• Recognizing children's lived experiences allows them to build comprehension skills in reading and writing based on personal context rather than solely adult instruction.

Rethinking Pedagogical Approaches

• Viewing children solely as future adults limits their potential; they should be seen as active participants in their learning journey today.

• A shift in pedagogical organization is necessary for fostering an environment where children's cultural production is valued and encouraged.

Key Concepts: Literacy and Letramento

• Magda Soares' research highlights two fundamental concepts: "alfabetização" (literacy) and "letramento" (literacy practices).

• Literacy involves systematic learning of writing techniques; it requires explicit teaching about letters, sounds, and writing mechanics.

Importance of Mediators in Learning

• Effective literacy development necessitates mediators who guide the learning process while recognizing the importance of prior knowledge and experiences during this journey.

Understanding the Social Function of Writing

The Importance of Practical Literacy

• The speaker emphasizes that learning a technique is ineffective without knowing how to apply it, highlighting that literacy involves the social use of writing.

• Children learn that writing serves practical purposes, such as creating lists or notes, which reinforces its social function in everyday life.

• Exposure to literary books helps children recognize the social role of language and enhances their oral skills through engagement with nuances in words and sounds.

The Role of Children's Literature

• The discussion differentiates between children's books and children's literature; the former may not utilize literary language while the latter incorporates artistic elements like metaphors and narrative structure.

• Children's literature is characterized by its aesthetic function, providing children with experiences that reflect both themselves and the world around them.

Aesthetic Experience Through Literature

• Literature offers an aesthetic experience that allows children to engage with various aspects of life, fostering recognition of different people and places.

• Citing Jorge L. Rossa, the speaker discusses how literature can profoundly alter one's perspective on life through transformative experiences.

Access to Art as a Human Right

• Antonio Candido argues for access to art and literature as a fundamental human right, emphasizing its importance in educational settings where many children may lack exposure to cultural experiences.

• Educators are encouraged to provide access to artistic literature in schools since it often represents children's only opportunity for such experiences.

Coherence Between Reading Practices and Childhood Development

Understanding the Role of Literature in Childhood Development

The Importance of Language and Childhood Rights

• Literature provides children access to language while respecting their right to remain children, highlighting the balance between education and play.

• French researcher Anton Compon emphasizes that good literature evokes empathy, allowing readers to identify with characters and feel their joys and sorrows.

Engaging Children Through Illustrated Books

• Children often see themselves in characters, fostering recognition and connection during reading experiences.

• Illustrated books enable children to construct narratives using their imagination, even without written words.

The Concept of Object Books

• Object books combine literary elements in various formats, enhancing the reading experience by engaging children's physical interaction.

• An example is a book by Guido van Genezen that transforms as pages are turned, encouraging narrative construction through visual storytelling.

Elements of Good Children's Literature

• Quality literature for children integrates three languages: text, illustration, and graphic design. This multi-faceted approach enriches understanding.

• Wordless books allow for autonomous narrative creation by children, promoting independent thinking and creativity.

Literary Literacy as a Social Function

• Literary literacy serves a social purpose by facilitating dialogue and building cultural repertoires among young readers.

Exploring Literary Experiences with Children

The Journey of a Character

• A character is imagined to have wings, prompting questions about where they would go and what they would do. The narrative concludes with the character returning home to their parents, emphasizing themes of belonging and comfort.

Engaging Children in Dialogue

• The discussion highlights how such narratives generate meaningful dialogues with children about family experiences and the concept of home, enriching their understanding through literary aesthetics.

Choosing Books for Young Readers

• The speaker addresses the challenge of selecting appropriate books for young children, focusing on fostering connections between written language and personal experiences.

Key Moments in Literacy Development

• Emphasizes three critical moments in literacy: oral expression, collective or individual reading, and writing. These stages are essential for developing children's understanding of written language.

Importance of Spontaneous Writing

• Discusses the significance of spontaneous writing linked to children's personal experiences as a foundational step in literacy development before formal education begins.

Concept of Bibliodrama

• Introduces "bibliodrama," which combines literature's diversity with educational practices. It stresses the need for varied literary resources in libraries to enhance children's reading experiences.

Diversity in Literature Selection

• Highlights the importance of diverse titles, authors, formats, and languages when choosing books for children to broaden their perspectives on different cultures and ideas.

Expanding Worldviews Through Reading

• Encourages adults to consider literature from various global authors (e.g., African or Asian writers), promoting an understanding that transcends local narratives.

Varieties of Literary Genres

• Discusses different literary genres suitable for children—such as picture books, poetry, informational texts—and emphasizes including indigenous themes and ethnic diversity in library collections.

Role of Literature in Education

• Stresses that educational settings must include diverse literature reflecting various cultural backgrounds to ensure equitable access to knowledge and representation.

Engaging with Textual Playfulness

• Explores how musical texts can also be considered literary works. It suggests using playful interactions with words through storytelling as a method for enhancing literacy skills among children.

Fostering Dialogues Through Literature

• Advocates for using literature as a tool to provoke discussions among children by posing thought-provoking questions that encourage deeper engagement with texts.

Practical Applications in Early Education

• Suggesting practical strategies like creating organized spaces within classrooms dedicated to reading and writing activities fosters an environment conducive to learning through play and exploration.

Literary Mediation for Young Children

Overview of the Project

• The project focuses on introducing young children to literature through reading books, supported by cultural funding from Santa Catarina municipalities including Timbó, Blumenau, Gaspar, Canelinha, and Itajaí.

• The concept of literary mediation is explored, with emphasis on its importance in engaging very young children with literature.

Key Concepts in Literary Mediation

• Yolanda Reis, a Colombian researcher and coordinator of a baby library called "Espantapájaros," introduces the idea that literary mediation involves a "love triangle" between an adult, a child, and a book.

• The role of the adult mediator is crucial; they should possess greater knowledge than the children to facilitate effective mediation.

Practical Application of Literary Mediation

• Successful mediation occurs in small groups (20 to 30 children), allowing for closer interaction as children engage with the story.

• Daily reading sessions are essential; these do not always need to yield tangible results but can involve discussions or creative activities inspired by the stories.

Engaging Children Through Stories

• Reading sessions are conducted in circles where children's participation is encouraged. They physically move closer as their interest grows.

• Incorporating sign language (Libras) into storytelling enhances accessibility and inclusivity during literary experiences.

Resources for Selecting Literature

• Educators must have a repertoire of quality literature. Recommendations include:

• The UNESCO Chair on Reading which lists top books annually.

• A list from "Revista Crescer" featuring the best children's books each year.

• Awards from the National Foundation for Children's and Youth Literature provide additional resources for selecting quality literature.

Example Book: "Carona"

Carona: A Cumulative Story

Characters and Their Journey

• The narrative introduces a diverse cast of characters embarking on a journey, including a passionate diver, an excited surfer, and a tired hero who wishes to live as an ordinary citizen.

• A bored alligator believes moving from Rio will cure his ennui; the story highlights various characters' motivations for seeking rides to the beach.

• A suspicious police officer becomes involved when she notices a wanted thief among the group, adding tension to their adventure.

• The introduction of a seemingly innocent wolf requesting a ride complicates matters further, creating suspense around his intentions.

• The arrival of a determined musician with his heavy bass adds another layer to the ensemble cast, showcasing the diversity of personalities in this cumulative tale.

Plot Developments and Themes

• An unexpected twist occurs when the group's plans go awry; they find themselves stuck together due to unforeseen circumstances.

• The story culminates with the wolf driving towards them, leaving readers curious about what will happen next as it plays into children's love for cliffhangers.

Literary Elements and Engagement

• The book employs playful illustrations and rhymes that engage children while teaching them linguistic nuances through repetition and sound patterns.

• It features cumulative storytelling techniques that help children understand narrative construction by building upon previous events and characters introduced earlier in the text.

Importance of Storytelling Techniques

• The speaker emphasizes why literary mediation is chosen over traditional storytelling methods; it fosters interaction between adults, books, and children without requiring theatrical performance skills.

• Understanding the story's nuances is crucial for effective reading aloud; familiarity with content allows for better engagement through voice modulation and pacing.

Exploring Other Literary Objects

• Additional examples of unique literary objects are discussed, such as João Prata's book which includes separate cards containing different poems—encouraging creative narrative construction among children.

Exploring Children's Literature and Its Impact

Thematic Elements in Children's Books

• Discussion begins with a whimsical narrative about a giant trunk appearing on the face of "Tio Zé," attributed to a spell from "Bruxa Salomé." This sets the tone for exploring magical realism in children's literature.

• The concept of repetition is highlighted, referencing the book "E o dente ainda doía" by Ana Terra. This book employs cumulative storytelling, engaging children through rhythmic language and repetitive phrases.

• A humorous anecdote involving a crocodile complaining about tooth pain introduces another cumulative story where animals interact, showcasing how simple narratives can captivate young readers.

Engaging with Alphabet Books

• The speaker discusses various alphabet books that connect letters to familiar cultural references for children. For example, names like Alice and Antônio are paired with foods they enjoy, making learning relatable.

• Another interesting title mentioned is "Bicho Letra," which creatively transforms letters into animals. This innovative approach encourages children to engage with both text and imagery in an interactive manner.

Celebrating Poetry and Illustrations

• A tribute to Roseana Muray's work is made, particularly her poetic exploration of fruits. Her illustrations combine visual art with poetry, enriching children's literary experiences.

• An ironic tale about a dog searching for its tail introduces humor into storytelling for young audiences. It emphasizes playful narratives that resonate well with children’s imaginations.

Recent Publications and Their Themes

• A newly published book titled "Olha o tamanho do" plays with letter sizes within words, presenting an engaging visual experience that stimulates curiosity among young readers.

Reflections on Educational Engagement

• The speaker expresses gratitude towards participants for their engagement during the discussion, emphasizing the importance of sharing knowledge about children's literature in educational settings.

• Acknowledgment of diverse attendees highlights the collective effort in enhancing early childhood education through literature. The warmth of community interaction is noted as beneficial during cold evenings.

Discussion on Early Childhood Education

Introduction and Context

• The speaker begins by acknowledging the audience's engagement and mentions that there are questions from the live session to address.

• A question is posed by Professor Edilson regarding accusations of "spontaneity" in early childhood education, suggesting that educators are not teaching children effectively.

Conceptual Framework of Childhood Education

• The speaker discusses how conceptions of childhood influence educational practices, emphasizing that many view early education as merely a place for assistance rather than genuine learning.

• There is a critique of local governments attempting to implement social organizations for child care, which reinforces the idea that early education is only about assistance rather than education.

Importance of Theoretical Knowledge for Educators

• Emphasizes the necessity for early childhood educators to have a solid theoretical foundation to create coherent educational practices aligned with children's rights.

• Without this theoretical framework, teachers may fall back into assistive practices, viewing children through a lens of deficiency rather than potential.

Addressing Misconceptions in Early Education

• The speaker argues against the notion that young children need constant instruction on basic life values and morals, advocating instead for recognizing their capabilities and rights.

Inquiry on Aesthetic Function in Education

• Lidiane Fagundes asks for clarification on the aesthetic function within pedagogy. The speaker responds by linking it to ethical, aesthetic, and political aspects essential in early childhood education.

Understanding Aesthetic Experience

• Discusses how aesthetic experiences contribute to humanization and understanding diverse perspectives through art exposure.

• Highlights Jorge L. Rossa’s work on aesthetic experience as crucial for developing children's worldviews beyond mere beauty or aesthetics.

Role of Art in Human Development

• Art is presented as a means to foster empathy and recognize one's role in changing the world; it allows children to engage with various artistic expressions.

• Stresses the importance of providing access to diverse artistic experiences as a right for all children, particularly within public education systems.

Suggestions for Title Listings

Proposal for Listing Titles

• A suggestion was made to compile a list of titles presented during the event, as many attendees expressed interest in this information.

• The compiled list will be added to the video description post-event and shared within the Avamec platform for educators involved in municipal or state projects.

Literacy and Contextual Learning

Addressing Literacy Proposals

• Patrícia Cé da Silva Ribeiro requested examples of proposals that effectively address literacy, particularly concerning "isolated and inadequate training activities."

• The discussion highlighted the importance of children's literature as a proposal for literacy, emphasizing the concept of literary literacy.

Understanding Literacy Practices

• Observations were made about first-year classrooms where children often engage in decontextualized activities, such as filling out worksheets that lack relevance to their experiences.

• True literacy involves understanding how writing serves social functions; thus, practices should reflect real-life applications of reading and writing.

Contextualizing Literacy Activities

Practical Applications of Literacy

• Emphasis was placed on teaching children why reading and writing are essential—such as writing notes or reading recipes—as part of their daily lives.

• Effective literacy practices must be contextualized based on children's interests and experiences, allowing them to engage meaningfully with texts.

Engaging Children through Interests

Collective Interests in Learning

• It is crucial to recognize collective interests among children rather than focusing solely on individual preferences when organizing literacy activities.

• Suggestions included using spontaneous writing practices based on children's play interests and integrating various cultural products into learning.

The Role of Physical Books in Storytelling

Importance of Physical Books

• Karen Pezim raised concerns about teachers shortening stories or altering texts for easier comprehension by children.

• The speaker argued that nothing can replace the experience of engaging with physical books; turning pages allows children to grasp narrative pacing better.

Enhancing Comprehension through Interaction

• Engaging with books physically helps develop sensory awareness; it encourages children to connect emotionally with stories.

Understanding the Role of Literature in Education

The Importance of Language and Metaphor in Children's Literature

• The speaker emphasizes the need for children to develop a linguistic, artistic, and cultural repertoire to understand literature. They suggest pausing during reading to ask children their thoughts on specific words or metaphors.

• Discussion on the use of videos as educational tools is presented, but it is noted that physical interaction with books is crucial for fostering a connection with literature.

The Value of Physical Books

• The speaker shares their experience using PDFs for large classes but stresses that physical books provide unique reading experiences that digital formats cannot replicate.

• An example from "Mamãe Coragem" by Tino Freitas illustrates how illustrations can convey important messages about diversity without explicitly stating them, enhancing children's understanding through visual storytelling.

Representation in Children's Literature

• The book features characters from diverse backgrounds, such as a wheelchair user and Black protagonists, highlighting themes of courage among mothers when sending their children to school.

• This representation encourages children to perceive inclusivity naturally through engaging narratives rather than overt explanations.

Expanding Cultural Repertoires

• The speaker argues that schools should introduce children to broader cultural experiences beyond what they encounter at home, especially considering the prevalence of stereotypical content in media like YouTube.

• It is deemed unacceptable for educators to rely solely on familiar content (e.g., "Galinha Pintadinha") when there are richer musical and literary options available for exploration.

Conclusion and Future Engagement

• Acknowledgment that questions will continue arising as participants engage with the material further; the session was recorded for future reference.

• Gratitude expressed towards contributors and participants, emphasizing the importance of provoking thought rather than merely providing answers during discussions about literature's role in education.