Lesson 48. What Characters are Really Saying│The Mechanics of Fiction Writing
Understanding Subtext in Literature
Defining Subtext
- The term "subtext" refers to the underlying meaning or implications within a story, often beyond the literal words spoken.
- American literary fiction writers have a strong affinity for subtext, possibly influenced by Hemingway's style of leaving things unsaid to provoke deeper reader contemplation.
The Role of Epiphanies and Directness
- In early 20th-century literature, stories often included epiphanies; however, real life doesn't always present such moments.
- A glossary definition describes subtext as "meaning that is implied rather than stated," but not all text requires deep analysis—sometimes it can be taken at face value.
Analyzing Character Interactions
- Overanalyzing details (like furniture in a character's living room) may not benefit writers; sometimes straightforward observations suffice.
- Characters can express feelings directly (e.g., saying "I love you") without needing hidden meanings beneath their words.
Social Politeness and Indirect Communication
- Writers should understand when subtext is used in conversations and its dramatic potential; indirect communication often serves social niceties.
- Example: Gretchen feigns friendliness towards Liza despite past grievances, demonstrating how social interactions are often layered with unspoken truths.
Psychological Games in Conversations
- People engage in psychological games to navigate uncomfortable situations, prioritizing social harmony over honesty.
- Stephen Pinker discusses this behavior in his book This Stuff of Thought, highlighting how indirect speech can lead to better outcomes.
The Art of Suggestive Language
- An example from Pinker's work illustrates how suggesting an invitation for coffee can serve as a euphemism for more intimate intentions (sex).
Understanding Subtext in Dialogue
The Complexity of Human Interaction
- Discusses the various ways individuals may compromise their principles for social acceptance, including indirect insults and deceit.
- Highlights how dialogues can carry dramatic subtext, which is often a focal point for literary writers.
Example 1: "Fires" by Rick Bass
- Introduces Joe, a Montana woodsman, and Glenda, a runner; they communicate via radio while harboring unspoken feelings for each other.
- Illustrates their mundane conversation about dogs and hedgehogs as a metaphor for their deeper emotional tension.
- Emphasizes the suspense created by their reluctance to express true feelings amidst trivial dialogue.
Example 2: "The Cask of Amontillado" by Edgar Allan Poe
- Introduces Montresor's vengeful intentions towards Fortunato, setting up an interaction filled with subtext.
- Analyzes Montresor’s feigned friendliness as he manipulates Fortunato’s ego to lead him into danger.
- Points out that readers can infer Montresor's malicious intent through his deceptive dialogue.
Key Takeaways on Subtext
- Concludes that not every conversation has deep underlying meanings; however, subtext can enhance drama in storytelling.
- Suggests that effective use of subtext requires clarity so readers can interpret characters' true intentions accurately.
Understanding Subtext in Fictional Dialogue
The Role of Subtext in Character Interactions
- Writers can effectively use subtext to create tension, but it must align with the character's motivations and the plot context. This balance is crucial for realism.
- Withholding information or masking true intentions can be a strategic choice for characters, as explained by Stephen Pinker. This behavior increases their chances of achieving goals while minimizing negative outcomes.
- Subtext should be employed thoughtfully; overemphasizing its importance may lead to poor writing. Misleading readers through forced tension can result in confusion or boredom.
- Characters should communicate directly when appropriate. Forcing subtext into straightforward dialogues detracts from clarity and engagement, potentially alienating readers.