COMO FUNCIONA UN MOTOR PASO A PASO UNIPOLAR - CADESIMU

Stepper Motors: Understanding Unipolar Stepper Motor Control

Introduction to Unipolar Stepper Motors

• The discussion begins with an overview of unipolar stepper motors, highlighting the need to remove controllers provided by the C Simu program for operational analysis.

Controller Setup and Connections

• The first controller is introduced, with three controllers available in total for motor control. An exercise will be conducted using each controller sequentially.

• To operate the unipolar motor, it requires a DC voltage supply connected to its six terminals. Terminals 1, 2, 3 connect to the controller outputs while terminals 5 and 6 are connected to the negative line of the power source.

Wiring and Logical Inputs

• The connection process involves linking positive and negative lines from the power source to both the controller and common terminals of the motor.

• Outputs from the controller (q1-q4) are connected to corresponding terminals on the motor (1-4), establishing necessary connections for operation.

Testing Motor Functionality

• Four logical test points are established as inputs (i1-i4), which must be renamed accordingly before connecting them to their respective inputs on the controller.

• After successful connections, simulation is initiated. The initial position of the stepper motor is observed as it responds correctly when logical signals are sent through inputs i1-i4.

Operational Insights

• Each input corresponds to a specific position: i1 keeps it at rest; i2 moves it right; i3 moves it down; and i4 moves it left. This demonstrates how logical signals dictate movement direction.

• The positions can be cycled back through previous states by sending appropriate signals, showcasing control over motor positioning.

Exploring Additional Controllers

Introduction of Second Controller

• Transitioning to a second type of controller reveals differences in functionality—this one has only three inputs but four outputs for controlling motor rotation direction (cw/ccw).

Connection Process for Second Controller

• A new stepper motor is introduced alongside this second controller. Similar wiring procedures are followed as with the first setup, ensuring proper connections between outputs and terminal points on this new motor.

Understanding Stepper Motor Control with Different Controllers

Overview of Controller Inputs

• The operation of the stepper motor is controlled by three inputs:

• CW (Clockwise): Pulses to this input turn the motor to the right.

• CCW (Counterclockwise): Pulses here turn the motor to the left.

• PD (Pulse Disable): This acts as an emergency stop, disabling the controller.

Input Configuration and Simulation

• The inputs are renamed for clarity:

• First input as TW (Turn Right).

• Second input as CCW (Turn Left).

• Third input as Stop.

• An error occurs due to a missing connection at terminal 6, which needs to be connected for proper functionality.

Motor Operation in Normal Mode

• The controller is set in sequence type mode; switching it to simple mode allows defined positions for simulation.

• Pulsing CW moves the motor step-by-step clockwise, reaching position four after several pulses.

Emergency Stop Functionality

• Activating the stop input disables all operations; no movement occurs regardless of CW or CCW inputs.

Introduction of a New Controller

• A third controller is introduced for controlling a unipolar stepper motor, similar connections are made as with previous controllers.

Advanced Control Features

• This new controller includes:

• An additional terminal labeled I1 that allows selection of direction (right or left).

• The second input (UD) determines whether the motor turns left or right based on its logical state.

Finalizing Input Names and Testing Simulation

• Inputs are named:

• First input as Start,

• Second as Left/Right,

• Third remains as Stop/Emergency Stop.

• In simulation, when activated, each pulse causes movement; sustained logical one in "Left/Right" selects direction.

Directional Control Mechanism

• To change direction, maintain a logical one on "Left" for counterclockwise motion while zero indicates clockwise rotation.

• If both start and directional inputs are active, the motor will move accordingly; if disabled, no movement occurs.