Free CCNA | RIP & EIGRP | Day 25 | CCNA 200-301 Complete Course

Welcome to Jeremy’s IT Lab

In this section, Jeremy introduces his free CCNA course and explains why he is covering RIP and EIGRP, even though they are not on the official exam topics list.

Introduction

• Jeremy welcomes viewers to his IT Lab and introduces his free CCNA course.

• He encourages viewers to subscribe, like, comment, and share the videos to support the series.

Why Cover RIP and EIGRP?

• Although RIP and EIGRP are not on the official exam topics list, Jeremy explains that there might still be a few questions about them on the exam.

• Cisco's exam topics list states that while it provides general guidelines for the content likely to be included on the exam, other related topics may also appear.

• It is important to be prepared for questions about RIP and EIGRP even if they are not explicitly listed.

Course Coverage

• While OSPF will be studied in depth as it is explicitly listed on the exam topics list, RIP and EIGRP will only be covered at a basic level.

• Basic configurations for both protocols will be shown, but memorization of these configurations is not necessary for the exam.

• The concepts learned in this section can also be applied to OSPF, making it easier when OSPF is introduced later in the course.

Bonus Question from Boson ExSim

• At the end of today's quiz, Jeremy mentions a bonus question from Boson ExSim for CCNA.

• Boson ExSim is a set of practice exams for CCNA by Boson Software that Jeremy used to prepare for his own CCNA certification.

• He recommends using Boson ExSim as a tool to ensure readiness for the CCNA exam.

RIP - Routing Information Protocol

This section provides an overview of RIP (Routing Information Protocol), including its characteristics, versions, and message types.

RIP Overview

• RIP is an industry standard protocol, not specific to Cisco.

• It is a distance vector interior gateway protocol that uses "routing-by-rumor" logic to learn and share routes.

RIP Characteristics

• RIP uses hop count as its metric, where each router in the path to the destination counts as one hop.

• The bandwidth of the connection is irrelevant; both a 10 gigabit connection and a 10 megabit connection count as one hop.

• The maximum hop count in RIP is 15. Anything beyond that is considered unreachable.

RIP Versions

• There are three versions of RIP: RIP version 1 (RIPv1), RIP version 2 (RIPv2) for IPv4, and RIPng for IPv6 (not covered in this course).

• RIPv1 only supports classful addresses (Class A, B, C) and does not include subnet mask information in its advertisements.

• RIPv2 supports Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) and Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) by including subnet mask information in its route advertisements.

Message Types

• RIP uses two message types to learn and share routing information: Request messages and Response messages.

• Request messages ask neighboring routers to send their routing tables.

• Response messages are used to send the local router's routing table to neighboring routers.

• By default, routers using RIP share their routing tables every 30 seconds.

RIP Version Comparison

This section compares RIPv1 and RIPv2, highlighting the limitations of RIPv1 and the improvements introduced in RIPv2.

RIPv1 Limitations

• RIPv1 is an older protocol that only advertises classful addresses (Class A, B, C).

• It does not support VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing).

• When advertising a network, RIPv1 does not include subnet mask information in the advertisement.

• This limitation makes it unsuitable for modern networks where subnets are used instead of classful networks.

RIPv2 Improvements

• RIPv2 addresses the limitations of RIPv1 by supporting VLSM and CIDR.

• It includes subnet mask information in its route advertisements, allowing for more flexible addressing.

• With RIPv2, networks can be advertised with their specific subnet masks, enabling the use of subnets rather than relying on classful addressing.

Conclusion

Jeremy concludes the video by summarizing the topics covered and mentioning Boson ExSim as a valuable resource for CCNA exam preparation.

Recap

• The video provided an overview of RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and compared its versions: RIPv1 and RIPv2.

• RIP is a distance vector interior gateway protocol that uses hop count as its metric.

• RIPv1 has limitations such as only supporting classful addresses and not including subnet mask information in advertisements.

• RIPv2 improves upon these limitations by supporting VLSM, CIDR, and including subnet mask information in advertisements.

Boson ExSim

• Jeremy recommends Boson ExSim as a valuable tool for CCNA exam preparation.

• Boson ExSim offers practice exams specifically designed for CCNA certification.

• Viewers planning to take the CCNA exam can follow the link in the video description to access Boson ExSim.

Broadcast and Multicast New Section

This section explains the difference between broadcast and multicast messages in networking.

Broadcast vs. Multicast

• Broadcast messages are delivered to all devices on the local network.

• Multicast messages are only received by devices that have joined a specific multicast group.

• Understanding this basic difference between broadcast and multicast is important in networking.

Introduction to RIP Configuration New Section

This section introduces the basic configuration of RIP (Routing Information Protocol).

Basic RIP Configuration

• RIP configuration is simple and serves as a good introduction to dynamic routing configuration.

• The mechanics of RIP configuration are similar to OSPF, making it easier to understand OSPF later.

• The first step is to enter RIP configuration mode with the command ROUTER RIP.

• Next, configure the router to use RIP version 2 with the command VERSION 2.

• Use the command NO AUTO-SUMMARY to disable auto-summary, which converts advertised networks into classful networks.

• Always use these two commands when configuring RIP: VERSION 2 followed by NO AUTO-SUMMARY.

RIP Network Command New Section

This section explains how to use the network command in RIP configuration.

Using the NETWORK Command

• The NETWORK command is used to specify which interfaces should activate RIP.

• The NETWORK command automatically converts entered addresses into classful networks.

• No network mask needs to be entered because of this behavior.

• R1's G0/0 interface with IP address 10.0.12.0/30 matches the entered NETWORK 10.0.0.0 command, activating RIP on G0/0.

• R1 forms adjacencies with its neighbors R2 and R3 and advertises the network prefixes of its interfaces to them.

RIP Network Command Continued New Section

This section continues explaining the functionality of the NETWORK command in RIP configuration.

Understanding the NETWORK Command

• The NETWORK command tells the router to look for interfaces within a specified range and activate RIP on those interfaces.

• The router will advertise the network prefix of those activated interfaces to its neighbors.

• Even though we used the NETWORK 10.0.0.0 command, R1 doesn't advertise the 10.0.0.0/8 network itself.

• The NETWORK command specifies which interfaces to activate RIP on, not which networks to advertise.

Configuring Passive Interfaces New Section

This section explains how to configure passive interfaces in RIP.

Configuring Passive Interfaces

• A passive interface does not send RIP advertisements but still advertises its network prefix.

• To configure a passive interface, use the command PASSIVE-INTERFACE followed by the interface name from within RIP configuration mode.

• G2/0 is configured as a passive interface using PASSIVE-INTERFACE G2/0.

• R1 continues advertising the network prefix of G2/0 (172.16.1.0/28) to its neighbors R2 and R3.

Conclusion

In this transcript, we learned about broadcast and multicast messages in networking and were introduced to basic RIP configuration, including using the NETWORK command and configuring passive interfaces. These concepts serve as building blocks for understanding more advanced networking topics like OSPF configuration later on.

Configuring Default Route and RIP

In this section, the speaker discusses how to configure a default route and use RIP (Routing Information Protocol) to share it with other routers.

Configuring Default Route

• The default route is configured in the routing table with the gateway of last resort set to 203.0.113.2 for network 0.0.0.0.

• A static route to 0.0.0.0/0 is configured to enable access to the Internet.

Sharing Default Route with RIP

• To share the default route with other routers using RIP, the command "DEFAULT-INFORMATION ORIGINATE" is used from RIP configuration mode.

• R1 will advertise the default route to R2 and R3, which will then advertise it to R4.

Load-Balancing in RIP

This section explains how load-balancing works in RIP and highlights some considerations when multiple routes have the same hop-count.

• When multiple routes have the same hop-count, RIP load-balances traffic over them.

• Even though one route is stated as the gateway of last resort, if multiple routes have equal hop-count, traffic will be load-balanced between them.

• RIP treats all connections equally as one hop, regardless of their speed or type of connection.

Show IP Protocols Command

The speaker introduces the "SHOW IP PROTOCOLS" command and its usage for checking various statistics related to routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF.

• The "SHOW IP PROTOCOLS" command provides information about the protocol being used (e.g., RIP).

• It displays timers used by RIP for operation.

• The command shows the version being used (e.g., version 2).

• It indicates whether automatic network summarization is in effect.

• The maximum number of paths for ECMP load-balancing can be configured using the "MAXIMUM-PATHS" command.

• The command also displays the networks entered with the "NETWORK" command and any passive interfaces.

• Information about RIP neighbors and administrative distance can also be seen.

Modifying Administrative Distance in RIP

This section explains how to modify the administrative distance (AD) in RIP to prioritize routes from one routing protocol over another.

• The default administrative distance for RIP is 120.

• The AD can be changed using the "DISTANCE" command followed by a number from 1 to 255.

• For example, setting RIP's AD lower than EIGRP's AD will make RIP routes preferred over EIGRP routes.

Introduction to EIGRP

This section introduces Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) as an improved version of IGRP and highlights its features.

• EIGRP stands for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.

• It is an improved version of IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol).

• EIGRP was initially Cisco proprietary but has been published openly for other vendors to implement.

• However, it remains mostly limited to Cisco devices, making it a Cisco-only protocol.

Advantages of EIGRP

This section discusses some advantages of EIGRP compared to other routing protocols like RIP.

• EIGRP is considered an advanced or hybrid distance vector routing protocol.

• It reacts faster to network changes compared to RIP.

• Unlike RIP, EIGRP does not have a hop-count limit, making it suitable for large networks.

• EIGRP uses multicast address 224.0.0.10 to send messages.

• It supports unequal-cost load-balancing, allowing traffic to be distributed proportionally based on path metrics.

Usage and Adoption of EIGRP

This section discusses the usage and adoption of EIGRP in network environments.

• EIGRP is a powerful protocol but is mostly limited to Cisco devices.

• Due to its limited adoption by other vendors, it is not used as widely as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First).

• Cisco has made OSPF the main focus of the new CCNA certification when it comes to dynamic routing protocols.

New Section

This section discusses the configuration of EIGRP and the use of auto-summary.

Disabling Auto-Summary

• Auto-summary in EIGRP functions similarly to RIP, advertising classful networks instead of the actual network prefixes configured on interfaces.

• Depending on the router or VIOS version, auto-summary may be enabled or disabled by default. It is recommended to disable it if enabled.

Activating EIGRP on Interfaces

• The NETWORK command is used to activate EIGRP on specific interfaces.

• If a mask is not specified with the NETWORK command, EIGRP assumes a classful address. For example, NETWORK 10.0.0.0 is assumed to be 10.0.0.0/8.

• A wildcard mask can be used with the NETWORK command to specify a more specific range of IP addresses for activation.

Understanding Wildcard Masks

• EIGRP uses wildcard masks instead of regular subnet masks.

• A wildcard mask is an inverted subnet mask where all 1s in the subnet mask are 0s in the equivalent wildcard mask and vice versa.

• Examples of converting subnet masks to wildcard masks are provided.

Matching IP Addresses with Wildcard Masks

• In EIGRP, a '0' in the wildcard mask means that bits must match between the interface's IP address and the network command, while a '1' means they don't have to match.

• Practice questions are given to demonstrate matching IP addresses with wildcard masks.

New Section

This section further explains wildcard masks and their function in EIGRP.

Converting Subnet Masks into Wildcard Masks

• The process of converting subnet masks into wildcard masks is demonstrated using examples.

• Subtracting each octet of the subnet mask from 255 provides a shortcut for obtaining the wildcard mask.

Function of Wildcard Masks

• A '0' in the wildcard mask indicates that bits must match between the interface's IP address and the EIGRP network command.

• A '1' in the wildcard mask means that bits don't have to match.

• Examples are given to illustrate how matching works with different wildcard masks.

New Section

This section continues discussing wildcard masks and their function in EIGRP.

Matching IP Addresses with Wildcard Masks (Continued)

• More practice questions are provided to test understanding of matching IP addresses with wildcard masks.

• The process involves comparing the binary representation of IP addresses and network commands.

Activation of EIGRP on Interfaces

• The activation of EIGRP on an interface depends on whether there is a match between the interface's IP address and the network command using a wildcard mask.

• If there is a match, EIGRP will be activated on the interface; otherwise, it will not be activated.

New Section

This section concludes the discussion on wildcard masks and their function in EIGRP.

Activation of EIGRP on Interfaces (Continued)

• Another practice question is presented to determine if EIGRP would be activated on an interface based on a given network command and wildcard mask.

• The process involves checking if there is a match between the first few bits of the IP address and network command.

Summary

• Wildcard masks play a crucial role in determining which interfaces have EIGRP activated based on matching criteria.

• Understanding how to convert subnet masks into wildcard masks is essential for configuring EIGRP effectively.

New Section

In this section, the speaker discusses wildcard masks and their usage in OSPF. The speaker also explains the configuration of EIGRP and its routing protocol.

Writing a /32 Wildcard Mask

• A /32 wildcard mask can be written by using all 0s, which is equivalent to the subnet mask 255.255.255.255.

• OSPF also uses wildcard masks, which will be reviewed in a future video.

Activating EIGRP on Interfaces

• The command "router eigrp" followed by the AS number specifies which interface or interfaces to activate EIGRP on.

• R1 advertises the network prefix on the specified interface (e.g., 172.16.1.0/28).

• The "show ip protocols" command displays information about EIGRP when it is running, including the AS number configured.

Understanding EIGRP's Metric

• By default, EIGRP uses interface bandwidth and delay values (K1 and K3) to calculate its metric.

• The metric is calculated based on the slowest link's bandwidth in the path and the sum of delay values of all links in the path.

• Other K-values like K2, K4, and K5 are set to 0 by default but can be changed with configuration settings.

Router-ID in EIGRP

• In EIGRP and OSPF, each router has a unique router ID that identifies it within the Autonomous System (AS).

• If manually configured, the router ID will be set accordingly.

• If not manually configured, it will be determined based on either the highest IP address on any loopback interface or the highest IP address on any physical interface.

• The router ID is a 32-bit number formatted like a dotted-decimal IP address.

Configuring EIGRP Router-ID

• To configure the EIGRP router-ID, use the command "eigrp router-id" followed by the desired router ID (e.g., 1.1.1.1).

• Manual configuration takes priority over other methods of determining the router ID.

New Section

In this section, the speaker discusses automatic summarization, ECMP load-balancing, and how EIGRP routes are displayed in the routing table.

Automatic Summarization and ECMP Load-Balancing

• Automatic summarization is disabled in EIGRP.

• EIGRP performs Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) load-balancing over a maximum of 4 paths by default.

• Routing is configured for networks 10.0.0.0 and 172.16.1.0/28 using network commands entered earlier.

• G2/0 interface is set as passive, R2 and R3 are neighbors, and EIGRP has separate Administrative Distance (AD) values for internal (90) and external (170) routes.

Displaying EIGRP Routes in Routing Table

• In the routing table, EIGRP routes are indicated with the letter D instead of E.

• The metric costs for EIGRP routes can be significantly higher compared to OSPF and RIP even in small networks.

• Larger networks may have even higher metric costs in EIGRP.

• Understanding metrics in EIGRP can be more challenging compared to other routing protocols.

New Section

In this section, the speaker concludes the discussion on RIP and EIGRP and provides a preview of upcoming topics.

Recap of RIP and EIGRP

• The basics of RIP and its configuration were covered.

• Similarly, the basics of EIGRP and its configuration were explained.

• Although these topics may not be listed in the exam topics list, they are still important to understand.

• Knowledge gained from these topics will make learning OSPF in future videos easier.

Unequal Cost Load Balancing

• The concept of unequal cost load balancing in EIGRP will be covered in a lab video.

• Viewers are encouraged to watch that video for more information on this topic.

Bonus Question and Exam Practice

• A bonus question from Boson ExSim, a recommended practice exam resource for CCNA and CCNP exams, will be provided at the end of the quiz.

• The link to get a copy of ExSim is available in the video description.

New Section

In this section, a quiz question related to RIP is presented along with its answer explanation.

Quiz Question - Advertising Default Route

• R1 and R2 both use RIP for route sharing.

• To advertise R1's default route to R2, the command "default-information originate" should be used from config-router mode on R1.

• This command ensures that R1's default route is advertised to its RIP neighbors.

New Section

In this section, the speaker explains the correct answer to a question related to EIGRP network commands and wildcard masks.

Answer Explanation

• The correct answer is A, which corresponds to the network command "NETWORK 128.0.0.0 127.255.255.255".

• The first bit of the wildcard mask in this command is 0, indicating that only the first bit needs to match.

• By comparing the binary representation of the IP addresses of G1/0 and G2/0 with the network command, it can be seen that both interfaces will activate EIGRP because their first bits are 1.

New Section

This section discusses the order of priority for determining the EIGRP router ID.

Priority Order

• The correct order of priority for determining the EIGRP router ID is D:

• Manual configuration takes top priority.

• If no manual configuration is set, then the highest IP address on a loopback interface becomes the router ID.

• If there are no loopback interfaces, then the highest IP address on a physical interface becomes the router ID.

New Section

The speaker presents a bonus question from Boson ExSim for CCNA regarding route selection based on AD values.

Route Selection Question

• The question asks in which situation a router uses AD values to determine route selection.

• Pause and review each option before selecting an answer.

Option A

• When multiple routes to different destination networks are received from different routing protocols.

• This option is incorrect because each route is to a different destination network, so all routes can be added to the routing table without choosing between them.

Option B

• When multiple routes to the same destination network are received from the same routing protocol.

• This option is incorrect because although all routes are to the same destination network, they are also from the same routing protocol, so AD values are not used for route selection.

Option C

• When multiple routes to different destination networks are received from the same routing protocol.

• This option is incorrect for the same reason as option A: all routes can be added to the routing table since they are for different destination networks.

Option D

• When multiple routes to the same destination network are received from different routing protocols.

• This option is correct because when routes to the same destination network come from different routing protocols, AD values are compared by the router to determine which route should be selected.

New Section

The speaker concludes with a recommendation for Boson ExSim and provides additional study resources.

Recommendation and Study Resources

• The speaker highly recommends using Boson ExSim for CCNA and CCNP exam preparation.

• Boson ExSim offers practice questions and simulations that can help in passing exams on the first try.

• Supplementary materials, such as flashcards and packet tracer lab files, can be obtained by signing up for the mailing list mentioned in the video description.

• Further reading on route selection in Cisco routers can be found in Cisco's free online documentation linked in the video description.

List of JCNP-level members

This section provides a list of JCNP-level members at the time of recording, which is July 7th, 2020. If you signed up recently and your name isn't on the list, don't worry as you will be included in future videos.

• The list includes JCNP-level members at the time of recording.

• The recording date is July 7th, 2020.

• If someone signed up recently and their name is not on the list, they will be included in future videos.

• Viewers are encouraged to subscribe to the channel, like the video, leave a comment, and share it with others studying for the CCNA certification.