El ESTADO y sus ELEMENTOS (Territorio / Población / Poder / Soberania) EXPLICADO FÁCIL.
Understanding the Mexican State
The Structure of the Mexican State
- The term "Estados Unidos Mexicanos" reflects that Mexico is composed of various states, as outlined in Article 40 of the Constitution, which establishes it as a representative democratic republic.
- The state is defined as a legal organization of society under a governing power, with its structure based on constitutional principles. This constitution acts like a social contract creating the legal entity known as the state.
Key Elements of the State
- Three essential elements define a state: population, territory, and sovereign power. The population includes nationals and foreigners who are subject to political authority.
- The territory is crucial for exercising governmental power and defines the spatial limits within which laws apply. Article 42 specifies what constitutes national territory.
- Sovereign power represents organized will directing society; it can be coercive and has absolute validity over its mandates, even if enforced against individuals' will.
Understanding Sovereignty
- Sovereignty is an essential attribute of political power, indicating no higher authority exists above the state. In Mexico, sovereignty resides fundamentally with the people according to Article 39.
- Public authority derives from the people for their benefit; they retain an inalienable right to alter or modify their government form without delegating sovereignty to others.