Asignatura Psicología Industrial: Capitulo 1. Orígenes de la psicología industrial y organizacional

Orígenes de la Psicología Industrial y Organizaciónal

The video discusses the origins of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, exploring key events that led to the development of this field.

Defining Industrial Psychology

• Industrial psychology is defined as the application of psychological methods, events, and principles to people in the workplace.

Historical Milestones

• The origin of industrial psychology predates psychology's establishment as a science.

• Significant events include Celso publishing a monograph on miners' diseases in 1567.

• Bernardino Ramacini's work on occupational diseases and worker protection laid foundations for industrial safety laws.

Evolution of Industrial Psychology

• The first World Congress on Advertising in 1901 marked a pivotal moment with Dr. Walter Dileskott's lecture.

• Walter Dileskott is considered the father of industrial psychology for his contributions to selection processes.

Contributions to Personnel Selection

This section delves into key figures and their contributions to personnel selection processes.

Innovations in Selection Methods

• Hugo Mustemberg's work in 1913 established criteria for evaluating performance efficiency.

Impact of World War I

• World War I catalyzed advancements in personnel selection through psychologists like Robert Jerkes and Edward T. Schener.

Human Factors in Management

This part explores the intersection between human factors and management practices.

Frederick Taylor's Contributions

• Frederick Taylor revolutionized HR management by focusing on productivity enhancement but faced challenges related to human issues.

Human-Centered Approaches

Psychology in the Context of World Wars

This section discusses the role of psychology during World War II, particularly in the United States, and its subsequent impact on industrial and organizational psychology.

The Role of Psychologists in World War II

• During World War II, the U.S. Army sought over 200 psychologists from universities to assist with programs such as selection, classification, and personnel training.

Evolution of Industrial Psychology

• The experiences gained during WWII led to advancements in industrial psychology, leading to the establishment of APA Division 14 for industrial and commercial psychology.

Ethical Standards and Legal Changes

• In 1945, APA introduced ethical principles including competence, integrity, respect for dignity, and social responsibility relevant to organizational psychology.

• Legal changes in the U.S. civil rights laws required equal treatment in HR processes without discrimination against minorities.

Fields within Industrial and Organizational Psychology

This section delves into the subfields within industrial and organizational psychology along with their respective focuses.

Classification of Disciplines

• Three main disciplines are identified: personnel psychology focusing on selection and training; organizational psychology studying work context; human factors psychology examining cognitive aspects at work.

Core Areas of Study

• Personnel psychology deals with selection, training, development, and performance evaluation.

• Organizational psychology explores social work contexts covering motivation, job satisfaction, and leadership.

Contributions to Industrial Psychology

This part highlights key contributors like Kurt Lewin who studied group dynamics' impact on productivity and satisfaction.

Notable Researchers

• Kurt Lewin's research emphasized group dynamics' influence on productivity based on satisfaction levels.

• Other scholars like Chris Arhides focused on individuals as central to organizations' functioning.

Development of Industrial Psychology in Dominican Republic

The emergence of industrial psychology professionals in the Dominican Republic is discussed alongside notable figures who contributed to its growth.

Pioneers in Industrial Psychology

• Manuel Lara Hernández was among the first industrial psychologists in the Dominican Republic after pursuing postgraduate studies abroad.

• Early professionals from institutions like OAS played crucial roles by establishing HR departments in various organizations.

Acknowledgment & Conclusion

Acknowledgment is given to individuals like Pedro Acostas y Menes for their impactful contributions towards advancing industrial and organizational psychology within the Dominican Republic.

Recognition of Contributions

• Pedro Acostas y Menes' successful management results served as a model for other companies due to his effective practices.