Lección 3 - Nivel Avanzado | Curso Vaughan para Aprender Inglés Gratis
Introduction to Indirect Speech
In this section, the instructor introduces the concept of indirect speech and explains how it is used in English.
Understanding Indirect Speech
- Indirect speech involves reporting what someone else has said to another person by shifting the tense of the verb back one step into the past.
- Examples are provided with present simple tense transformations, such as changing "I live in Madrid" to "Jose said that he lived in Madrid."
- Further examples include transforming sentences with past simple tense, like changing "I looked for it everywhere" to "Maria said she had looked for it everywhere."
Application of Past Tenses in Indirect Speech
This part focuses on applying past tenses in indirect speech scenarios.
Application of Past Tenses
- Demonstrates converting sentences from simple past to past perfect, e.g., changing "My children speak good English" to "Laura said her children spoke good English."
- Explores examples with present perfect tense transformations, like altering "They've only given me half the report" to "They said they had only given him half the report."
Future and Present Continuous Tense Usage
This segment delves into using future and present continuous tenses in indirect speech.
Future and Present Continuous Tense
- Discusses transforming future tense statements into conditional forms, such as changing "I will buy the tickets on Thursday" to "Paula said he would buy the tickets on Thursday."
- Examines utilizing present continuous for future actions, exemplified by converting "I'm flying to New York next week" to "Jose said he was flying to New York next week."
Possessive Forms in Indirect Speech
This part explores possessive forms when expressing relationships in indirect speech.
Possessive Forms
- Differentiates between using 'a friend of mine' instead of 'friend of mine' when indicating possession, showcasing examples like 'He's a friend of ours' or 'She's a friend of John's.'
New Section
In this section, the speaker discusses the various meanings and uses of "keep" followed by a gerund in English.
Keep + Gerund Meanings
- Examples provided for using "keep" in a positive sense: "You must keep trying; you'll get a job one day."
- Explanation of using "keep" in a negative sense: "Don't keep asking stupid questions."
- Instances where "keep" is used to discourage actions: "Please don't keep kicking the back of my seat."
New Section
This part delves into continuous actions with "keep on" and explores different scenarios where this structure is applied.
Keep On Doing Something
- Examples illustrating continuous actions: "My neighbor keeps going on about her grandchildren."
- Discussion on two possibilities of expressing continuity: 'to keep doing something' or 'to keep on doing something.'
New Section
The speaker introduces the concept of 'jamming' and transitions to discussing phrasal verbs like 'sort out.'
Jamming & Sorting Out
- Definition and examples of 'jamming': printer jamming, car stalling.
- Explanation of 'sort out' as resolving issues or situations: legal matters being sorted out last month.
New Section
Vocabulary expansion with new terms like 'resort to violence' and clarifying distinctions between words like chimney and fireplace.
Vocabulary Expansion & Clarifications
- Learning new vocabulary such as 'resort to violence' and understanding its usage.
- Differentiating between chimney (external structure) and fireplace (interior feature).
New Section
Exploring expressions related to time duration using prepositions like 'since,' 'for,' 'during,' and providing examples for clarity.
Time Expressions with Prepositions
- Detailed explanation and examples for using prepositions like 'since,' 'for,' and their implications.
- Illustrating usage differences between prepositions when indicating time spans.
Application exercise involving prepositions for temporal contexts, reinforcing comprehension through practice.
Practice Exercise - Prepositions Usage
- [] How long was Adolf Hitler in power? Using prepositions from, to, during.
New Section
This section discusses the durations of various political leaders' tenures in office.
Duration of Political Leaders' Tenures
- Felipe Gonzalez served as the President of Spain from 1982 to 1996, totaling 14 years.
- Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minister of Britain from 1979 to 1990, a span of 11 years.
- George W. Bush held the presidency in the USA from 2001 and continued for seven years.
- The United States has been a country since 1776, totaling 231 years.
New Section
This part delves into the duration of famous actors' careers and irregular verbs.
Famous Actors' Career Durations and Irregular Verbs
- Harrison Ford has been a renowned actor since 1977, amounting to a career spanning over three decades.
- Robert Redford's acting career began in 1964, making it last for around 43 years.
- Exploring irregular verbs through sentences like "I fought with my brother when I was young."
New Section
This segment covers expressions related to frequency and negation.
Frequency Expressions and Negation
- Examples include "I go to the cinema every other week" and "She eats with her friends every other day."
- Phrases like "I've eaten rice three times this month" and "I've never driven a lorry" are discussed.
New Section
Here, hosting events and expressing thoughts are highlighted.
Hosting Events and Expressing Thoughts
- Understanding phrases such as "To be the host is to hold an event like the Olympics."
Meeting Discussions and Language Practice
In this section, Sandra discusses various topics related to meetings, retirement, language practice, and noise reduction in the office.
Meeting Discussions
- Sandra talks about holding meetings in different languages like German.
- Discussion on forgetting to call someone and fighting recently.
Language Practice
- Addressing noise issues in the office area and suggesting solutions like rugs and planters for noise absorption.
Number Practice in Spanish and English
This part focuses on practicing numbers in Spanish and English.
Number Practice
- Practicing numbers such as 4020, 3003, 8090, etc., in Spanish and English.
- Continuing number practice with larger figures like 19012, 44020, etc.
Verb Tenses and Historical Facts
Exploring verb tenses, historical facts about Texas independence, and vocabulary usage.
Verb Tenses
- Discussing verb tenses related to past events like driving to Seville or finishing a book.
Historical Facts
- Historical facts about Texas being an independent country from 1836 to 1845.
Vocabulary Usage and Expressions
Delving into vocabulary usage, expressions, weak points in language learning, investments trends.
Vocabulary Usage
- Addressing unclear guidelines for language learning and making mistakes while revising.
Expressions
- Using French expressions like "Amiga del Presidente" (friend of the president).
Final Reflection on Various Topics
A final reflection encompassing personal interactions, investments importance, following guidelines diligently.
Personal Interactions
- Reflecting on daily fights with siblings or sharing flats with friends.
Investments Importance
Bill Clinton's Presidency and Studying Spanish
The conversation touches on Bill Clinton's presidency duration and the importance of studying Spanish.
Bill Clinton's Presidency
- : Bill Clinton served as President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
Importance of Studying Spanish
- : Emphasizes the significance of studying Spanish, encouraging continued learning efforts.