PARADIGMAS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN (Parte 2)

Understanding Research Paradigms

Dimensions of Research Paradigms

• The video discusses the second part of research paradigms, focusing on dimensions such as explanation, causality, values (axiology), and foundational aspects of different paradigms.

• Positivism is highlighted as a paradigm that seeks to establish causal relationships using statistical methods and multivariate analysis.

• In contrast, naturalism emphasizes the interaction of factors rather than strict causal explanations, recognizing associations that may not be easily testable.

• The socio-critical paradigm introduces complexity beyond simple causation, acknowledging multiple determinants that interact to produce specific realities.

• Complexity recognizes structured systems where uncertainty plays a significant role in understanding organized interactions among various elements.

Role of Values in Knowledge Formation

• For positivism, there is an assertion of value-free research; researchers should detach from personal values during inquiry.

• Naturalism acknowledges the influence of values from the outset when defining research topics, affecting interests and observations throughout the study process.

• The socio-critical paradigm accepts existing values but advocates for ideological critique to generate unbiased knowledge free from legitimizing power structures.

• In complexity theory, researchers are tasked with pursuing democratic knowledge creation that fosters responsible citizenship and freedom within societal contexts.

Methodological Approaches Across Paradigms

• Positivism employs a hypothetico-deductive approach starting from established hypotheses leading to deductions in knowledge production.

• Naturalism adopts an interpretative dimension focused on capturing phenomena in their natural context through qualitative methodologies.

• Socio-critical paradigms emphasize critical analysis as essential for transforming social structures through informed knowledge generation.

Foundational Theories Behind Each Paradigm

• Positivist foundations are rooted in logical positivism influenced by thinkers like Auguste Comte who advocated for applying natural science methods to social sciences.

• Comte's era saw a dominance of scientific thought which shaped the pursuit of knowledge strictly through empirical means.

• Naturalism reacts against positivist principles by incorporating phenomenological perspectives from philosophers like Dilthey and Max Weber focusing on qualitative aspects of human experience.

Understanding Knowledge Paradigms

Socio-Critical Paradigm

• The socio-critical paradigm, influenced by critical theory and Marxism, posits that understanding reality begins with focusing on material economic processes within a society. These processes are seen as key to explaining various cultural, ideological, political, and legal phenomena.

Complexity Paradigm

• The complexity paradigm is grounded in systems theory, information theory, cybernetics, and communication studies. It reflects the latest developments in knowledge related to these fields.

• Recent advancements in cybernetics and artificial intelligence highlight the learning capabilities of autonomous systems. This underscores the theoretical foundations of the complexity paradigm.

Future Discussions