What was the 'Scramble for Africa'? - BBC What's New
The Scramble for Africa: An Overview
Historical Context of the Scramble
- The term "Scramble for Africa" refers to the period between 1884 and 1914 when European powers partitioned Africa into colonies, free trade areas, and smaller states.
- European leaders sought valuable resources such as gold from the west and diamonds from the south during this aggressive colonization effort.
Ethiopia's Unique Position
- Ethiopia and Liberia were notable exceptions that avoided full colonial rule during this period.
- Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries globally, with a rich history dating back to its powerful kingdom of Aksum in the first century, recognized alongside Rome, Persia, and China.
- The country's victories against various invaders are attributed to its geographical isolation, economic strength, and unity among its people.
The Debate on Colonization
- Despite a brief Italian occupation from 1935 to 1941, Ethiopia is often considered never fully colonized.
- There is ongoing debate regarding whether Liberia was truly colonized; it gained independence in the late 19th century amidst the scramble.
American Influence on Liberia
- The American Colonization Society (ACS), founded in 1817 by private groups rather than the government, aimed to resettle free African-American slaves in Africa.
- By 1867, approximately 12,000 freed slaves were sent to settle in Liberia on Providence Island.
Tensions Between Settlers and Locals
- Upon arrival at Providence Island—originally named Luzon—the new settlers faced resistance from local populations who felt politically marginalized despite being a minority.
- This tension contributes to the ongoing debate about Liberia's status as an independent nation versus a colony.