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TECNOLOGÍAS WEB 3_CSS
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TECNOLOGÍAS WEB 3_CSS

Introduction to CSS and Web Design

Overview of CSS

  • CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is essential for defining the style and design of a website, complementing HTML which structures the web content.
  • CSS allows for significant flexibility in web design; changing styles can be done by simply modifying the stylesheet without altering the HTML structure.

Methods of Integrating CSS

  • There are three primary methods to integrate CSS into HTML: inline styles, internal stylesheets, and external stylesheets.
  • Inline styles apply directly within an HTML tag using the style attribute but are less reusable compared to other methods.
  • Internal styles involve placing a <style> tag within the <head> section of an HTML document to define multiple style rules at once.
  • External stylesheets are separate files linked to an HTML document via a <link> tag, promoting better organization and reusability.

CSS Syntax and Selectors

Understanding Selectors

  • The selector in CSS specifies which HTML elements will be styled. It is followed by declarations enclosed in curly braces `` that define specific styling properties.

Declaration Block

  • A declaration block contains property-value pairs separated by semicolons. For example, color: blue; font-size: 12px; defines text color and size.

Example of Properties

  • An example includes setting font-family for an <h1> element to Georgia with fallback options if unavailable. This ensures consistent typography across different browsers.

Font Size Units in CSS

Common Units Explained

  • Font sizes can be defined using various units:
  • Pixels (px): A standard unit for fixed sizes.
  • Rem: Relative to the root font size (typically 16px).
  • Em: Relative to the font size of its parent element.

Practical Application

  • Using relative units like rem or em allows for responsive designs that adapt based on user settings or parent elements' sizes, enhancing accessibility.

Understanding Color Definitions in CSS

Relative Value and Color Attributes

  • The discussion begins with the concept of relative value concerning a "bad parent" element, introducing color as another attribute that can be defined in CSS.
  • It is noted that there are 140 predefined color names in CSS, which can be used directly to specify colors.

Color Definition Methods

  • Colors can also be defined using hexadecimal codes, where the first two characters represent red, the next two green, and the last two blue. For example, #ff0000 indicates full red.
  • Another method for defining colors is through RGB notation (e.g., rgb(128, 0, 128)), which uses integer values to specify the intensity of red, green, and blue.

HTML and CSS Integration

  • A summary of previous discussions highlights how HTML elements like <h1> are styled using external CSS files linked within the HTML document's <head>.
  • The importance of linking to a specific CSS file is emphasized for maintaining organized styling across web pages.

Font Family and Size Specifications

  • The font family for headers is set to "New Roman," with fallback options provided. The base font size is specified as 60 pixels with a color definition of red.

Class Selectors vs. ID Selectors

  • Class selectors allow for reusing style definitions across multiple elements by prefixing class names with a dot (.).
  • In contrast, ID selectors are unique identifiers within a page (prefixed with #) and should only appear once per document.

Practical Application of Styles

  • An example illustrates how articles could use class selectors for shared styles while ensuring unique IDs are reserved for singular elements.
  • Emphasis on planning HTML structure ahead of time ensures effective application of styles via CSS.

Comprehensive Web Structure Example

  • A complete web layout includes various components such as video frames and lists identified by classes or IDs.
  • Specific styling attributes like border thickness and padding are discussed regarding their visual impact on webpage design.

Box Model Concept

  • Introduction to the box model explains how margins, borders, padding, and content interact visually on a webpage.

Understanding HTML Elements and CSS Styling

The Box Model in HTML

  • All HTML elements have block characteristics that are essential for styling. Understanding these is crucial for effective web design.
  • The box model consists of the content area, padding (space between content and border), border, and margin (space separating this element from others).
  • Specific properties can be defined for borders, such as size (e.g., 15 pixels), style (solid), and color (green). This allows customization of how elements appear on a webpage.

Positioning Elements with Floats

  • The float property is significant for positioning elements like images. It can align items to the left or right or allow them to inherit values from parent elements.
  • An example shows how images can be floated to the left using CSS, affecting their placement on the page.

Practical Applications of CSS

  • Advanced examples demonstrate how different CSS styles can alter the layout of a webpage significantly.
  • Resources like "CSS Zen Garden" illustrate how changing designs can transform an entire website's appearance while allowing users to download examples of HTML and CSS separately.

Exploring Design Variations

  • Various designs showcase how a single webpage can look entirely different based on applied CSS styles.
  • Some designs incorporate aesthetic elements unrelated to content, emphasizing the creative potential of CSS in web development.

Conclusion: Importance of Understanding HTML & CSS

  • A comprehensive understanding of HTML and CSS is vital for developing projects effectively without starting from scratch.
  • Familiarity with these foundational languages equips developers with necessary skills that will be beneficial when utilizing more advanced tools in web development.