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The Origins of Republicanism and Early Socialism in Brazil

Historical Context of Republicanism

• The republican coup in Brazil occurred in 1889, marking a significant shift before the end of the century.

• Prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917, socialism was already present, exemplified by the Paris Commune, which lasted only a few months around 1871.

Influence of Socialism on France

• The structure of modern France reflects communist ideas from the Paris Commune, emphasizing local autonomy through communes.

• Communism predates Marx; various revolutionary ideas existed long before him. Marx synthesized these concepts into a more structured ideology.

Economic Turmoil Post-Republic

• Following the establishment of the Republic in Brazil, there was significant chaos during its initial years marked by high inflation and economic instability due to policies like "encilhamento."

• International skepticism arose regarding Brazil's new government as it struggled with credibility after transitioning from an imperial system.

Consequences of Civil Conflict

• The Brazilian Civil War led to external debts and foreign influence over domestic governance, severely weakening national sovereignty.

• The military transitioned from an imperial force focused on external threats to an internal political entity involved in oligarchic struggles.

Political Fragmentation and Military Influence

• Throughout the 20th century, military involvement persisted across various governments without addressing how to effectively organize a republic.