The science of cannabis

Understanding CBD and THC: Key Differences and Insights

The Basics of Cannabis

• Cannabis has evolved from a simple concept (marijuana, pot, THC) to a complex landscape dominated by CBD (cannabidiol), which is now prevalent in various products including medicines, supplements, foods, and beauty items.

• CBD is one of approximately 150 identified phytocannabinoids in cannabis plants and is considered non-psychoactive; it does not produce a high like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).

Phytocannabinoids Explained

• There is only one species of cannabis known as Cannabis sativa, which encompasses both marijuana and hemp. The primary difference lies in the concentrations of CBD and THC.

• Marijuana typically contains THC-A concentrations between 2.5% to 22%, while hemp has a maximum concentration of 0.3%. In terms of CBD content, marijuana ranges from 0.1% to 12%, whereas hemp can reach up to 20%.

Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids

• Research into cannabinoids' therapeutic effects is still developing; non-psychoactive CBG may aid sleep, while CBC could act as a sedative. Other compounds like THCV and CBN are psychoactive with potential pain-relieving properties.

Interaction with the Central Nervous System

• Phytocannabinoids interact with central nervous system receptors: CB1 primarily in the brain and CB2 mainly in the immune system. THC effectively binds to CB1 receptors, influencing memory processing.

Current Research Landscape

• The detailed molecular effects of cannabinoids remain largely unknown due to limited research funding; currently, only one FDA-approved CBD drug exists for seizure treatment derived from marijuana. Despite the decriminalization of hemp through the 2018 Farm Bill, research on marijuana continues to face challenges.