John Bowlby y la teoría del apego
John Bowlby and Attachment Theory
This section introduces John Bowlby, a renowned psychiatrist and psychoanalyst known for his work on the mother-child relationship and attachment theory.
John Bowlby's Contribution to Psychology
- Bowlby's significant contribution was the development of attachment theory, emphasizing that attachment behaviors are instinctive responses triggered by fear, insecurity, or separation.
- Attachment is defined as a close relationship characterized by a desire for proximity. It plays a crucial role in satisfying a baby's basic needs and establishing social bonds.
- The bond between parents and a baby begins before birth but intensifies post-birth, leading to the formation of attachment with caregivers who provide security and care.
Importance of Attachment Formation
- Attachment formation is vital for a child's sense of self, socialization, and healthy interactions with peers, aiding in developing empathy and social skills.
- Forming attachments is crucial during times of threat or insecurity as it helps children establish their identity and navigate social relationships effectively.
Stages of Attachment Development
This section outlines the stages of attachment development in infants from birth to 17 months according to Bowlby's theory.
Key Stages of Attachment Formation
- From birth to 6 weeks, infants are social beings responding positively to stimuli without discrimination.
- Between 6 weeks and 7 months, infants start differentiating stimuli but show no preference between caregivers.
- From 9 to 17 months, multiple attachments form with family members or close individuals alongside common fears like separation anxiety and fear of strangers.
Types of Attachment Styles
This section discusses different types of attachment styles identified through research on infant-mother interactions.
Varieties of Attachment Styles
- Secure attachment: Babies exhibit distress when separated from the caregiver but seek comfort upon reunion.
- Insecure-resistant attachment: Infants display anxiety before separation and anger upon reunion with the caregiver.