Modern History of Bihar (Lec#2) l Wahabism I Session of Congress in Bihar
Modern History of Bihar: An Overview
Introduction to Modern History
- The lecture begins with an introduction to the modern history of Bihar, emphasizing its significance in examinations, particularly noting that around 25 questions typically arise from this segment.
- It is highlighted that at least 15 questions are usually related to modern history, indicating the importance of mastering this area for academic success.
Timeline and Focus Areas
- The discussion will cover events from the 1857 revolt up until 1947, with a focus on how national historical events corresponded with developments in Bihar.
- A brief outline of today's lecture is provided, focusing on key movements in Bihar and their relevance to examination questions.
Key Historical Events
- An example question regarding the first Congress session in Bihar illustrates common exam queries; it emphasizes the need for factual accuracy over assumptions.
- The speaker encourages students to engage actively by answering questions posed during the lecture and stresses understanding over rote memorization.
Important Centers and Figures
- Two significant centers for historical movements are identified: Sitamarhi (present-day Pakistan's Multan region) and Patna, both crucial for BPSC (Bihar Public Service Commission).
- The establishment of an independent state named Dar-ul-Harb in Sitamarhi is noted as a pivotal moment in Bihar's history.
Philosophical Context
- Reference is made to a book titled "Indian Muslims" by Hunter, which provides context for understanding historical narratives without fabricating stories.
- Discussion shifts towards Vedic traditions and various schools of philosophy that interpret these traditions differently, highlighting their relevance to Indian culture.
Social Reformers and Their Impact
- Abdul Wahab’s perspective on prophets as virtuous humans rather than divine beings introduces a critical viewpoint within Islamic thought during this period.
- The transition from social reformers to armed rebellion against British rule postulates how initial reformist intentions evolved into resistance movements by 1857.
National Leaders and Movements
- Key figures such as Syed Ahmad Barelvi emerge as leaders advocating for reform while also participating in broader national movements against colonial rule.
- Notable leaders from Patna include Bilayat Ali, Inayat Ali, Mohammad Hussain, and Farhat Ali—each playing significant roles in shaping Bihar's response to colonialism.
1857 की क्रांति और भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस
1857 की क्रांति का प्रभाव
- 1857 की क्रांति एक आम विद्रोह के रूप में उभरी, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप अंग्रेजों ने विद्रोहियों के खिलाफ कठोर कदम उठाए।
- कमिश्नर टेलर ने रिपोर्ट को दबाने का प्रयास किया, जिससे विद्रोह को कुचलने में मदद मिली।
- बिहार के लोगों ने 1857 की क्रांति में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई और बहादुरी से अंग्रेजों का सामना किया।
भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस की स्थापना
- 1857 के बाद, भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस (INC) की स्थापना पर चर्चा होती है, जो 28 दिसंबर 1885 को हुई थी।
- गोकुलदास तेजपाल संस्कृत कॉलेज में INC का गठन हुआ, जिसमें डब्लू सी बनर्जी पहले अध्यक्ष बने।
पहले सत्र और प्रतिनिधित्व
- INC का पहला सत्र मुंबई में आयोजित हुआ था, जिसमें 72 डेलीगेट्स शामिल हुए थे।
- दूसरे सत्र का आयोजन कलकत्ता में हुआ, जहां दादाभाई नरोजी ने अध्यक्षता की और कुल 431 डेलीगेट्स उपस्थित थे।
महत्वपूर्ण आंकड़े और प्रश्न
- द्वितीय सम्मेलन में भाग लेने वाले मुस्लिम प्रतिनिधियों की संख्या 33 थी; यह जानकारी परीक्षा में पूछी जा सकती है।
- बिहार से इस सम्मेलन में कुल 130 डेलीगेट्स शामिल हुए थे।
कांग्रेस के वार्षिक सम्मेलन
- INC के सम्मेलनों को अक्सर तीन दिवसीय कार्यक्रम माना जाता था, जिसे लाला लाजपत राय ने "वार्षिक मेला" कहा।
- अश्विनी कुमार दत्त ने इसे "तीन दिवसीय तमाशा" बताया; यह दोनों विचार परीक्षा के लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
बिहार प्रांतीय कांग्रेस समिति
- बिहार प्रांतीय कांग्रेस समिति का गठन 1958 में पटना में हुआ था। नवाब सरफराज खान इसके संस्थापक थे।
- पहली बैठक भी पटना में हुई थी, जिसकी अध्यक्षता सर अली इमाम ने की।
बिहार दिवस और ऐतिहासिक महत्व
- बिहार दिवस हर साल 22 मार्च को मनाया जाता है; यह दिन राज्य के गठन से संबंधित है।
- पहली कांग्रेस बैठक बांकीपुर पटना में हुई थी, जो कि बहुत महत्वपूर्ण घटना मानी जाती है।
Formation of Modern Bihar and Key Historical Meetings
Leadership in Early Meetings
- The initial leadership for the formation of modern Bihar was under Raghunath Dabholkar, with Sachchidanand Sinha serving as General Secretary. Sinha is recognized as the "Creator of Modern Bihar."
First Assembly Meeting
- The first assembly meeting took place on December 9, 1946, presided over by Sachchidanand Sinha. This was a temporary meeting before the official session led by Babu Rajendra Prasad two days later.
Historical Context of Congress Meetings
- The second significant Congress meeting occurred ten years later in 1922 at Chennai (Gaya), chaired by Chittaranjan Das, a prominent lawyer known as "Desh Bandhu." He was also the political mentor to Subhas Chandra Bose.
Importance of the 1922 Congress Session
- The 1922 Congress session is highlighted as one of the most important meetings in Indian history due to its context surrounding various movements like Non-Cooperation and events such as the Chauri Chaura incident.
Political Divisions within Congress
- During this period, there were divisions within Congress regarding participation in elections. One faction led by Gandhi advocated for social reform without violence, while another group pushed for active electoral participation.
Formation of New Political Entities
- In 1923, a new party called the Congress Swaraj Party emerged from these discussions. It aimed to participate actively in elections while maintaining ties with traditional Congress ideologies.
Key Figures and Their Roles
- Notable leaders included Chittaranjan Das as President and Motilal Nehru as General Secretary. They represented a faction that sought to engage more directly with political processes during this transformative period.
Regional Influence on National Movements
- The influence of regional leaders like Krishna Singh from Bihar played a crucial role in shaping local responses to national movements. His alignment with key figures indicated strategic alliances within Indian politics at that time.
Cultural Developments in Bihar
- Two major educational institutions promoting nationalism were established in Darbhanga during this era: Saraswati Academy (1971) and Boys Association (1969), which aimed to instill patriotism among youth.
Geographic Significance
- Darbhanga's proximity to Bengal made it an important center for nationalist activities, contributing significantly to India's broader independence movement through cultural and educational initiatives.
The Significance of Darbhanga in Bengal
Historical Context and Wealth
- Darbhanga's proximity to Bengal has established it as a significant hub, attracting wealth and influence.
- The region was historically home to the affluent Raj Darbhanga family, who played a crucial role in local governance and culture.
- Following the decline of British colonial power, wealthy families began funding various initiatives for national interest.
- This financial support helped sustain associations and community projects that contributed to regional development.