La Convention des Nations-Unies sur le Droit de la Mer
Introduction to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Overview of Maritime Law Development
- The discussion begins with an introduction to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, highlighting its significance in maritime law.
- The evolution of maritime law is traced back to ancient times, significantly influenced by European navigation advancements and global exploration.
- A notable historical debate occurred in the 17th century between Hugo Grotius, who advocated for freedom of the seas, and John Selden, who had opposing views.
Key Historical Context
- The first UN Conference on the Law of the Sea was held in 1958, resulting in four Geneva Conventions addressing various aspects such as territorial waters and high seas.
- The second conference in 1960 established a limit of 12 nautical miles for territorial waters.
- The third conference took place in 1973, culminating in a vote favoring a comprehensive framework for maritime governance.
Adoption and Significance of UNCLOS
- On April 30, 1982, at a conference in New York, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was adopted and later signed in Jamaica.
- Initially signed by 117 countries including major powers like USSR and France; however, it is noted that the USA has not ratified it despite adhering to its principles.
Framework Established by UNCLOS
- UNCLOS provides a regulatory framework governing ocean use, addressing sovereignty issues and user rights within maritime zones.
- It aims to ensure equitable resource utilization while promoting marine conservation and environmental protection.