✅ INTRODUCCIÓN A LA EMBRIOLOGÍA HUMANA | Conceptos Básicos 📚
Introduction to Embryology Humana
This video provides an introduction to human embryology, explaining the basic concepts and stages of prenatal development.
What is Embryology?
- Embryology is the science that studies all the changes that occur in the formation of a new being from fertilization to birth.
- It includes the study of the placenta and extra-embryonic annexes such as the amnion, yolk sac, chorion, allantois, and umbilical cord.
Stages of Prenatal Development
- Human prenatal development is divided into three periods: pre-embryonic period, embryonic period, and fetal period.
- The pre-embryonic period includes fertilization and segmentation during the first week of gestation.
- The embryonic period starts with implantation in the second week and continues until organogenesis between the fourth and eighth week.
- The fetal period begins at nine weeks until birth.
Morphogenetic Mechanisms
- Five important processes known as morphogenetic mechanisms shape the embryo and develop its organs:
- Induction: one tissue influences another to change.
- Cell Differentiation: leads to different classes of cells with increased complexity.
- Growth: increase in size and volume of parts and organs.
- Migration: movement of cells from one site to another.
- Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis): destruction of cells through a programmed phenomenon.
Position Terminology
- In embryology, position terminology is used to describe relative locations and changes in the developing embryo.
- Orientation planes include sagittal (right/left), coronal (ventral/dorsal), and transverse (cranial/caudal) planes.
Periods of Susceptibility
This section discusses the periods of susceptibility during embryonic development and the factors that influence normal development.
Periods of Susceptibility
- Certain periods during embryonic development are more susceptible to alterations or major malformations.
- These periods are known as periods of susceptibility or moments of alteration of development.
Factors Influencing Development
- Normal development depends on two major factors:
- Genetic Regulation: influences the genetic plan established in DNA.
- Epigenetic Regulation: external factors that affect development.
Morphogenetic Mechanisms
This section explains the five morphogenetic mechanisms involved in shaping the embryo and developing its organs.
Induction
- Induction is a process where one tissue encourages another to change.
Cell Differentiation
- Cell differentiation leads to the formation of different classes of cells with increased morphological and functional complexity.
Growth
- Growth refers to the increase in size and volume of different parts and organs of the embryo.
Migration
- Migration is the movement by which a group of cells detaches from its site of origin and moves to another site.
Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis)
- Programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis, is a programmed phenomenon that leads to ultrastructural changes in cells, resulting in their destruction.
Position Terminology
This section introduces position terminology used in embryology to describe relative locations and changes in the developing embryo.
Orientation Planes
- Sagittal/Medial Plane: Divides the body into right and left sides.
- Coronal/Frontal Plane: Divides the body into ventral and dorsal halves.
- Transverse Plane: Divides the body into cranial and caudal halves.